Diuretics

Question 1

Mannitol

Answer 1

Osmotic diuretic (potent);
Potent effects on proximal tubule and descending loop of henle;
Pulmonary edema;
Can form precipitant

Question 2

Hydrochlorthiazide, Metolazone

Answer 2

Thiazides (weak);
Prevents Na, Mg, K, Cl resorption (promotes elimination);
Hypo: Na, Mg, K, Cl;
HyperGLUC: glucose, lipids, uric acid, Ca

Question 3

Furosemide

Answer 3

Loop diuretic (potent); 
Also tx for hypercalcemia; 
Inhibits Na reabsorption in thick ascending loop (promotes elimination); 
Hypo: Na, Mg, K, Ca; 
HyperGLU: glucose, lipids, uric acid; 
Photosensitivity; 
Tinnitus

Question 4

Triameterene

Answer 4

K sparing diuretic (weak);
Doesn’t cause hypokalemia like other diuretics;
Inhibits exchange of Na and K, doesn’t inhibit aldosterone binding;
Hyperkalemia

Question 5

Spironolactone

Answer 5

K sparing diuretic (weak);
Antiandrogen - tx also for hirsutism, acne, HRT;
Doesn’t cause hypokalemia like other diuretics;
Inhibits aldosterone binding;
Hyperkalemia;
AEs sim to steroids: gynecomastia, breast sensitivity, impotence