Diuretics Flashcards
Name the locations of application for all the diuretics?
- Proximal Tubule: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Thick Ascending Loop of Henle: Loop diuretic
- Distal Convoluted Tubule: Thiazides
- Collecting Duct: K+ sparing, ADH antagonists
- Everywhere: Osmotic
Loop Diuretics
Furosemide
MOA: blocks Na+/Cl-/K+ cotransporter (ascending loop of Henle)
CA: acute pulmonary edema, heart failure, HTN, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia
UC: increase Ca2+, Na+, K+, urine volume
AE: Ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, acute hypovolemia, K+ depletion, hypomagnesemia, hypersensitivity
Thiazides
Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone
MOA: blocks Na+/Cl- cotransporter (distal tubule)
CA: HTN, heart failure, hypercalciuria, diabetes insipidus, premenstrual edema
UC: Increase Na+, K+, Mg2+, urine volume; decrease Ca2+
AE: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypersensitivity
K+ Sparing Diuretic
Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Triamterene, Amiloride
MOA: antagonize aldosterone or block Na+ channels (collecting ducts)
CA: HTN, edema heart failure, primary hyperaldosteronism
UC: Increase Na+, urine volume; Decrease K+
AE: gastric upset/peptic ulcer, endocrine effects, hyperkalemia
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide
MOA: Inhibit carbonic anhydrase (proximal tubule)
CA: glaucoma, mountain sickness, epilepsy, metabolic alkalosis
UC: Increase Na+, K+, HCO3-, urine volume
AE: metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, crystalluria
Osmotic Diuresis
Mannitol
MOA: produce osmotic duiresis (everywhere)
CA: maintain urine output, reduce increased intracrancial pressure, excretion of toxic substances
UC: N/a
AE: extracellular water expansion, tissue dehydration, acidosis
ADH Antagonists
Conivaptan
MOA: ADH antagonists (collecting ducts)
CA: euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia, pts with SIADH
UC: Increase plasma Na+, urine volume; Decrease H2O reabsorption
AE: infusion site reactions, atrial fibrillations, GI & electrolyte distrubances, thirst
