Diuretics Flashcards
Loop Diuretics ex. Furosemide
Uses
Target and MOA
Loop Diuretics ex. Furosemide (Lasix)
-Most potent; shortest half life
Uses: edema, pulmonary edema (CHF), cirrhosis (second line treatment)
Target: Loop of Henle
MOA: Block Na-K-Cl channel (NKCC) and therefore decrease sodium absorption, essentially sodium and water is wasted
Side effects:
Diuresis related: hypovolemia/hypotension
Electrolyte abnormalities: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis
Tinnitus/hearing loss
Note that Furosemide binds to albumin; high [albumin] will make furosemide ineffective
Thiazide Diuretics ex. Hydrochlorothiazide
Uses
Target and MOA
Thiazide Diuretics
-Weak; long half life
Uses: HTN (not 1st line trtmnt for HTN if concurrent DM or proteinuria; use ACEi instead)
Target: Distal Convoluted Tubule
MOA: Block Na+-Cl- cotransporter
Side effects:
Electrolyte abnormalities: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, HYPERcalcemia
Metabolic complications: hyperuricemia (gout), hyperlipidemia, hyperglycaemia
Potassium Sparing Diuretics ex. Spironolactone
Uses
Target
MOA
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
Uses: HTN (second line trtmnt), Conn’s syndrome; Spironolactone: edema/ascites, cirrhosis, severe LV dysfunction
Target: Cortical collecting duct
MOA: blocks aldosterone receptor; Amiloride and triamterene block the Na+ channel
Side effects:
Electrolyte abnormalities: hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis
Spironolactone only: endocrine abnormalities (anti-androgen effects, breast enlargement, decreased libido, menstrual abnormalities)
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Uses
Target
MOA
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Uses: rarely used, altitude sickness and rarely used for glaucoma, edema, epilepsy
Target: PCT
MOA: Block HCO3 channel resulting in decreased H+ therefore the H+-Na+ exchanger doesn’t work causing HCO3 and Na+ wasting
Side effects:
Electrolyte abnormalities: metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia, hypokalemia
Confusion
