Diuretics

Question 1

Hypertension

Answer 1

> 120 systolic /> 80 diastolic

Question 2

Primary Hypertension

Answer 2

90% of the time, onset ages 25-55, no known cause, insidious onset

Question 3

Secondary Hypertension

Answer 3

underlying cause known, cause by a medical coniditon

Question 4

Normal BP

Answer 4

Systolic

Question 5

Prehypertension

Answer 5

Systolic 120-139 or Diastolic 80-89

Question 6

Hypertension Stage 1

Answer 6

Systolic 140-159 Diastolic 90-99

Question 7

Hypertension Stage 2

Answer 7

Systolic >160 Diastolic >100

Question 8

Risk factors for Hypertension (4 listed)

Answer 8

Family History, Age, Smoking, Hyperlipidemia

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension

Answer 9

Headache, Nosebleeds, Vertigo, Blurred Vision, Tinnitus,

Question 10

Treatment for Hypertension

Answer 10

Modify risk factors, Diet, Exercise, Diuretics

Question 11

drug that increases the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salts and water from the kidneys

Answer 11

Diuretic

Question 12

Uses of Diuretics

Answer 12

reduces blood pressure, reduces edema due to various conditions such as CHF, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema

Question 13

Diuretic Assessment

Answer 13

Assess hydration status, know signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia, weakness, fatigue, dizziness) and fluid volume overload (hypervolemia, weight gain, swelling, shortness of breath)

Question 14

These drugs act on the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption. Vasodilation (decreases blood pressure)

Answer 14

Loop Diuretic

Question 15

Adverse effects of loop diuretics

Answer 15

hypotension, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, ototoxicity, hypocalcemia, dehydration

Question 16

Side effects of Diuretics

Answer 16

Hypovolemia weakness, fatigue, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, acid-base imbalance

Question 17

Nursing Implications for Diuretics

Answer 17

Don’t give before bedtime, Perform daily weights (same time same scale), Report weight gain, Patients usually take potassium supplement hypokalemia, maintain fluids, don’t double dose

Question 18

Things to monitor for Diuretics

Answer 18

I & O, weights, BP, serum electrolytes, renal function, edema, adverse effects

Question 19

inhibit sodium, bicarbonate and chloride re-absorption in the early distal tubule of the nephron, not as potent as loop diuretcs, use with HTN, edema, renal disease, hepatic disease

Answer 19

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 20

used in conjunction with thiazides, CHF, Edema, do not promote the secretion of potassium in urine

Answer 20

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Question 21

synthetic steroid that blocks aldosterone receptors, increases sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium

Answer 21

Aldactone

Question 22

Nursing for Aldactone

Answer 22

Do not give potassium supplements, avoid prolong sun exposure, adverse effects include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, food increases absorption, loading dose may be given, delay in onset of action (week for antihypertensive effect)

Question 23

Thiazide with a potassium sparing agent to help maintain a normal serum potassium

Answer 23

Combination Agent

Question 24

Monitor Combination Agents

Answer 24

Hyperkalemia and hypopntremia

Question 25

produces rapid diuresis by increasing the osmotic pressure and increasing urine output (relieving intracranial pressure, etc.)

Answer 25

Osmotic diuretic (example Mannitol)