DiUrEtIcS

Question 1

A group of diuretic agents that act as Na⁺-Cl⁻ cotransporter inhibitors in the early distal renal tubule. Used mainly to treat hypertension.

Answer 1

Thiazides, loops

Question 2

Can lead to hyperuricemia

Answer 2

thiazide diuretics

Adverse effects include metabolic alkalosis, electrolyte abnormalities (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia), metabolic effects (hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia), and sulfonamide hypersensitivity.

Question 3

The proximal convoluted tubule is the site of action of …

Answer 3

The proximal convoluted tubule is the site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide.

Question 4

work predominantly on the proximal tubule and the descending limb of the loop of Henle. This group of medications relies on osmosis to pull water into the tubular lumen, which leads to increased urine output.

Answer 4

Osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol)

Question 5

inhibit the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporters in the thick ascending loop of Henle.

Answer 5

Loop diuretics

Question 6

is the site of action for thiazide diuretics. Blockage of Na+-Cl- cotransporters leads to increased diuresis and excretion of sodium.

Answer 6

distal convoluted tubule

Question 7

Epithelial Na+ channel blockers work in the _____________________________- These drugs are usually referred to as_________________________, as they can actually cause hyperkalemia.

Answer 7

Epithelial Na+ channel blockers work in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. These drugs are usually referred to as potassium-sparing diuretics, as they can actually cause hyperkalemia.

Question 8

Which diuretics can impact calsium?

Answer 8

Loops lose Ca, thiazides take Ca

Question 9

Which diuretic has the potential to cause gynecomastia?

Answer 9

aldosterone antags like spironolactone