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Cardiovascular System > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What are the three main types of diuretics?

A
  • Loop diuretics
  • Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
  • Potassium-sparing diuretics (aldosterone antagonists)
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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics?

A

Inhibit reabsorption from the ascending loop of Henle

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4
Q

Examples of loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide, bumetanide

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5
Q

What is the main indication for loop diuretics?

A

Pulmonary oedema due to left ventricular failure and chronic heart
failure

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6
Q

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

A

Hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, ear damage [with IV use].

It can also make gout and diabetes worse, but less so than thiazides

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A

Inhibit sodium reabsorption at the distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

Examples of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A

Bendroflumethiazide, chlortalidone, indapamide

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9
Q

What are the indications for thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A
  • Lower doses help to reduce BP
  • High doses used for oedema due to chronic heart failure
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10
Q

What are the side effects for thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A

Hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, constipation and postural hypotension.

Can exacerbate gout and diabetes.

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11
Q

What is the onset of action for thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A

1-2 hours

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12
Q

What is the duration of action for thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?

A

12-24 hours

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13
Q

Examples of potassium-sparing diuretics?

A
  • Aamiloride (weak)
  • Triamterene (weak)
  • Spironolactone (strong)
  • Eplerenone
    (strong)
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14
Q

Side effect of Triamterene?

A

Can cause urine to become blue in colour

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15
Q

What are the side effects of Potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalaemia and gynaecomastia

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16
Q

Which drugs cannot be used with potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

ACE inhibitor, as it can cause severe hyperkalaemia

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18
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Cardiovascular System (9 decks)

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