Diuretics

Question 1

Loop diuretics examples

Answer 1

furosemide
bumetanide
ethacrynic acid
Torsemide

Question 2

Thiazide diuretics examples

Answer 2

epitizide
hydrochlorothiazide
bendroflumethiazide

Question 3

Thiazide-like diuretics examples

Answer 3

indapamide
chlorthalidone
metolazone

Question 4

Potassium-sparing diuretics examples

Answer 4

amiloride
triamterene
spironolactone

Question 5

______ should usually be the first choice when selecting a diuretic to treat hypertension.

Answer 5

Thiazide
Thiazide-like diuretics

Question 6

Thiazide diuretics MOA

Answer 6

They inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the proximal part of the distal convoluted tubule.
Excessive salt intake or a low glomerular filtration rate interferes with their antihypertensive effect.
Natriuresis is therefore probably important in determining their hypotensive action.

Question 7

MOA of loop diuretics

Answer 7

Inhibits the Na-K-Cl symporter

Question 8

MOA of K-sparing diuretics

Answer 8

Inhibits the Na/K symporter

Question 9

Spironolactone inhibits…

Answer 9

…aldosterone action

Question 10

Amiloride inhibits…

Answer 10

…epithelial Na channels

Question 11

Adverse effects of diuretics

Answer 11

• Metabolic and electrolyte changes
• Erectile dysfunction
• Increased plasma renin
• Idiosyncratic reactions like rashes and purpurin

Question 12

Metabolic and electrolyte changes associated with diuretics include

Answer 12

Hyponatraemia – sometimes severe in elderly
hypokalaemia – due to Na – K ions exchange
hypomagnesaemia;
hyperuricaemia/gout – most diuretics reduce urate clearance.
hyperglycaemia – thiazides reduce glucose tolerance:
hypercalcimia
Hypercholesterolaemia