Diuretics Flashcards
-Furosemide (lasix)
-Bumetanide
-Ethacrynic acid
are examples of
Loop Diuretics:
-Drugs that accelerate the rate of urine production-removal of sodium and water Sodium
Diuretic Agents
used for edema associated with CHF or hepatic/renal disease, control of hypertension, increase renal excretion of calcium in cts with hypercalcemia
loop diuretics
side effects for loop diuretics
Dizziness, headaches, vision, N&V, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia
cts with early, oliguric phase (reduced urination) of acute renal failure, to promote excretion of toxic substances, reduction of intracranial pressure, treatment of cerebral edema
osmotic diuretics
Effects: prevents potassium from being pumped into the tubule, thus preventing its secretion, competitively blocks the aldosterone receptors and inhibit its action, the excretion of sodium and water is promoted
Indications:
Spironolactone-hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, reversing potassium loss caused by potassium losing drugs
Potassium sparing Diuretics
side effects for potassium-sparing diuretics
dizziness, cramps, N&V, diarrhea, urinary frequency, weakness
Amiloride, Spironolactone, Aldactone
are examples of
Potassium-sparing diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), trichlormethiazide
Thiazide-like-chlorthalidone, metolazone are example of
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
inhibit tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions. Action primarily in the ascending loop of henle and early distal tubule. Result: water, sodium and chloride are excreted. Potassium excreted to lesser extent, dilate the arterioles by direct relaxation
thiazide diuretics
dizziness, blurred vision, decreased libido, anorexia, nausea, hypokalemia are side effects of what?
Thiazide diuretics
true or false: Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, constipation, irregular bpm and lethargy A weight gain of more than 1 kg a day or week should be reported, rapid heart rates should be reported
true
quantity of fluid gained exceeds fluid lost
Edema
quantity lost exceeds fluid gained
Dehydration
maintenance of fluids, replace insensible loss, manage specific fluid and electrolyte disturbance.
Crystalloids
superior plasma volume expander.
Colloids
side effects of colloids
can alter coagulation times, decrease O2 carrying capacity
replace blood loss and clotting factors, to increase O2 capacity
Blood and Blood products
normal levels for potassium
3.5-5.5mmol/L
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia
anorexia, weakness, lethargy, hypotension, nausea, mental confusion
Late-cardiac dysrhythmias, neuropathy, secondary alkalosis
side effects of K+ replacements
diarrhea, N&V, GI bleed, pain at iv site, phlebitis
normal range for Na+
135-145mmol/L
what are the causes of Hyponatremia
similar to low K+, excessive sweating, prolonged d&V, renal disorders, adrenocortical impairment
symptoms of Hyponatremia
lethargy, hypotension, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures Treatment: Na+ replacement. Mild-oral NaCl and or fluid restriction. Severe- IV N/S or lactated ringers
