Diuretics

Question 1

-Furosemide (lasix)
-Bumetanide
-Ethacrynic acid
are examples of

Answer 1

Loop Diuretics:

Question 2

-Drugs that accelerate the rate of urine production-removal of sodium and water Sodium

Answer 2

Diuretic Agents

Question 3

used for edema associated with CHF or hepatic/renal disease, control of hypertension, increase renal excretion of calcium in cts with hypercalcemia

Answer 3

loop diuretics

Question 4

side effects for loop diuretics

Answer 4

Dizziness, headaches, vision, N&V, hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia

Question 5

cts with early, oliguric phase (reduced urination) of acute renal failure, to promote excretion of toxic substances, reduction of intracranial pressure, treatment of cerebral edema

Answer 5

osmotic diuretics

Question 6

Effects: prevents potassium from being pumped into the tubule, thus preventing its secretion, competitively blocks the aldosterone receptors and inhibit its action, the excretion of sodium and water is promoted
Indications:
Spironolactone-hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, reversing potassium loss caused by potassium losing drugs

Answer 6

Potassium sparing Diuretics

Question 7

side effects for potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 7

dizziness, cramps, N&V, diarrhea, urinary frequency, weakness

Question 8

Amiloride, Spironolactone, Aldactone

are examples of

Answer 8

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 9

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), trichlormethiazide

Thiazide-like-chlorthalidone, metolazone are example of

Answer 9

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics

Question 10

inhibit tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions. Action primarily in the ascending loop of henle and early distal tubule. Result: water, sodium and chloride are excreted. Potassium excreted to lesser extent, dilate the arterioles by direct relaxation

Answer 10

thiazide diuretics

Question 11

dizziness, blurred vision, decreased libido, anorexia, nausea, hypokalemia are side effects of what?

Answer 11

Thiazide diuretics

Question 12

true or false: Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, constipation, irregular bpm and lethargy A weight gain of more than 1 kg a day or week should be reported, rapid heart rates should be reported

Answer 12

true

Question 13

quantity of fluid gained exceeds fluid lost

Answer 13

Edema

Question 14

quantity lost exceeds fluid gained

Answer 14

Dehydration

Question 15

maintenance of fluids, replace insensible loss, manage specific fluid and electrolyte disturbance.

Answer 15

Crystalloids

Question 16

superior plasma volume expander.

Answer 16

Colloids

Question 17

side effects of colloids

Answer 17

can alter coagulation times, decrease O2 carrying capacity

Question 18

replace blood loss and clotting factors, to increase O2 capacity

Answer 18

Blood and Blood products

Question 19

normal levels for potassium

Answer 19

3.5-5.5mmol/L

Question 20

Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia

Answer 20

anorexia, weakness, lethargy, hypotension, nausea, mental confusion
Late-cardiac dysrhythmias, neuropathy, secondary alkalosis

Question 21

side effects of K+ replacements

Answer 21

diarrhea, N&V, GI bleed, pain at iv site, phlebitis

Question 22

normal range for Na+

Answer 22

135-145mmol/L

Question 23

what are the causes of Hyponatremia

Answer 23

similar to low K+, excessive sweating, prolonged d&V, renal disorders, adrenocortical impairment

Question 24

symptoms of Hyponatremia

Answer 24

lethargy, hypotension, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures Treatment: Na+ replacement. Mild-oral NaCl and or fluid restriction. Severe- IV N/S or lactated ringers

Question 25

Hypernatremia Causes

Answer 25

poor renal excretion, inadequate water intake, dehydration

Symptoms: red skin, dry/sticky mucous, increased thirst, elevated temp, oliguria or anuria

Question 26

which vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 26

A,D,E,K