Diuretics

Question 1

List four classes of diuretics

Answer 1

Loop diuretics
Thiazide
K-sparring
Osmotic 
carbonic anyhdrase inhibitors

Question 2

Provide two examples of loop diuretics

Answer 2

furosemide, bumetanide

Question 3

What is the MOA of loop diuretics?

Answer 3

inhibits Na/K/2Cl symporter in thick ascending limb, resulting in massive NaCl excretion, Ca and K excretion

Question 4

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 4

hypokalaemia, met alkalosis, hypovolaemia

Question 5

Example of thiazide diuretic?

Answer 5

bendroflumethiazide

Question 6

What is the MOA of bendroflumethiazide?

Answer 6

inhibits NaCl co-transport in DCT, resulting in moderate NaCl excretion and increased Ca reabsorption

Question 7

Name three side effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 7

hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, increased urate

Question 8

Two examples of K sparring diuretics?

Answer 8

spironolactone, amiloride

Question 9

What is the MOA of spironolactone?

Answer 9

aldosterone antagonist

Question 10

MOA of amiloride?

Answer 10

blocks DCT/CD luminal Na channel

Question 11

SE of K sparring diuretics?

Answer 11

hyperkalaemia, antiandrogenic (gynaecomastia)

Question 12

Example of osmotic diuretic?

Answer 12

mannitol

Question 13

What is the indication for mannitol?

Answer 13

Increased ICP