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CPT - Drug flashcards > Diuretic Drugs > Flashcards

Diuretic Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

List diuretics used in the treatment of Hypertension

A

Thiazide
Spironolactone
(Loop diuretics)

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2
Q

List diuretics used in the treatment of Heart Failure

A

Loop diuretics
Spironolactone

Novel:
SGLT2 inhibitors
Tolvaptan

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3
Q

List diuretics used in the treatment of Decompensated Liver Disease

A

Loop diuretics
Spironolactone

Novel:
Tolvaptan

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4
Q

List diuretics used in the treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Loop diuretics
+/- Thiazides
+/- Potassium-sparing diuretic / K supplements

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5
Q

List diuretics used in the treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

A

Loop diuretics

Novel:
SGLT2 inhibitors

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6
Q

List the following for: CA inhibitor

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Mountain sickness
Glaucoma

Acetazolamide

Diuretic

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme
Reduces absorption of bicarbonate, which is coupled with Na

  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Hypokalaemic metabolic acidosis (electrolyte disturbances)
  • Tolerance develops after 2-3 days
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Kidney/liver dysfunction
  • Acidosis
  • Aspirin
  • Lithium
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7
Q

List the following for: Osmotic diuretic

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Reduce intracranial pressure
Reduce intraocular pressure

Mannitol

Diuretic

Acts as an osmolyte throughout the tubule, especially at PCT
H2O follows osmolyte so more H2O excreted

  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Hypernatremia
Inhalation:
- Impaired lung function
- Non-CF bronchiectasis
IV:
- Anuria
- Intracranial bleeding
- Cardiac failure
  • None listed
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8
Q

List the following for: Aldosterone antagonist

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Need for a K sparing diuretic

Spironolactone

Diuretic

Aldosterone antagonist
Reduces amount of ENaC channels added to the lumen

  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Gynecomastia
  • Impotence
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Addison’s disease
  • Anuria
  • Other K sparing drugs
  • ACEi
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9
Q

List the following for: ADH antagonist ‘aquaretic’

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Need for a diuretic - hyponatraemia

Tolvaptan

Diuretic

  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Act on V2 receptor, an antagonist to ADH
  • Reduces insertion of AQP channels into the CD
  • Reduced water absorption
  • Polyuria
  • Hypernatremia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Hypovolaemic hyponatraemia
  • Volume depletion
  • Other Na increasing drugs
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10
Q

List the following for: SGLT2 inhibitors

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Need for a diuretic – huge potential for diabetes

Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin

Diuretic

  • Inhibits SGLT2 transporter, reduces paired transport of glucose and Na in PCT
  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypotension
  • UTIs
  • Yeast infections
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Polyuria
  • Impaired renal function
  • Other hypoglycaemic drugs
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11
Q

List the following for: K+ sparing diuretic

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Need for a diuretic

Amiloride

K+ sparing diuretic

  • Blocks ENaC channels in DCT/CD
  • Reduces Na reabsorption (also reduces K excretion via ROMK)
  • Often mixed use with other diuretics e.g., thiazides or loop diuretics to limit hypokalaemia
  • Hypovolaemia
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Potential arrythmias
  • Addison’s disease
  • K supplements
  • Other K sparing drugs
  • ACEi
  • ARB
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12
Q

List the following for: Loop diuretic

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

Fast acting potent diuretic use – mainly oedema

Furosemide
Bumetanide

Diuretic

Inhibits Na2ClK transporter
Reduced Na, K and Cl absorption so more excreted

  • Dehydration
  • Hypotension
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hyperuricemia (gout)
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Alkalosis
  • Arrythmias
  • Tinnitus / ototoxicity
  • Anaphylaxis / photosensitivity rash
  • Increased cholesterol and triglycerides
  • (Bumetanide) myalgia
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hyperuricemia
  • Hypocalcaemia
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Digoxin
  • Lithium
  • Steroids
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13
Q

List the following for: Thiazide / Thiazide-like

  • Use
  • Example drugs
  • Drug class
  • Mechanism of action
  • Adverse effects
  • Warnings / contraindications
  • Important drug reactions
A

First line diuretic

Bendroflumethiazide
Indapamide

Diuretic

Inhibits NaCl transported in DCT
Reduces Na entry, therefore increases Na and H2O excretion

Hypovolaemia

  • Hypotension
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hyperuricemia (gout)
  • Hypercalcaemia
  • Hyperglycaemia
  • Arrythmia
  • (Small) increase cholesterol and triglyceride
  • Hyponatraemia
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Hypercalcaemia
  • Gout
  • Other K+ reducing diuretics e.g. loop diuretics
  • NSAIDs
  • Digoxin
  • Beta blockers
  • Steroids
  • Lithium
  • Carbamazepine
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CPT - Drug flashcards (17 decks)

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