DIT Rapid Fire Facts2 Flashcards
1
Q
Folate Deficiency
A
Most common cause of neural tube defects
2
Q
Alcohol Use
A
Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US
3
Q
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A
Most common cause of congenital mental retardation in the US
4
Q
Marfan’s Syndrome
A
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocations
5
Q
Alport Syndrome (Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear me)
A
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
6
Q
Bell’s Palsy
A
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
7
Q
Horner’s Syndrome
A
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
8
Q
Alzheimer’s Disease
A
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain
9
Q
Organophosphate poisoning (Parasympathetic overstimulation) (treat with Atropine and Pralidoxamine)
A
Drooling farmer
10
Q
Sheehan’s Syndrome
A
Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
11
Q
Prolactinoma
A
Infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopsia
12
Q
Adrenal adenoma
A
Most common tumor of the adrenal
13
Q
Pheochromocytoma
A
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
14
Q
Neuroblastoma
A
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
15
Q
Adrenal Adenoma
A
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
16
Q
Spironolactone or Eplerenone
A
Medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
17
Q
Non-selective beta blocker (Phenoxybenzamine or Phentolamine)
A
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
18
Q
MEN 2A
A
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism
19
Q
MEN 2B
A
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas
20
Q
Addison’s Disease
A
Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
21
Q
Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
A
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
22
Q
Papillary Carcinoma
A
Most common thyroid cancer
23
Q
Hypothyroidism
A
Cold intolerance
24
Q
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary cancer of thyroid)
A
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
25
S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Aspergillus, Candida
Most common infections seen in chronic granulomatous disease
26
Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome (Job syndrome)
Eczema, recurrent URI, high serum IgE
27
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
28
Signet Ring Cell
Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus
29
Adenocarcinoma
Most common type of stomach cancer
30
Krukenburg Tumor
Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer
31
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
32
Cushing ulcer
Acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
33
Curling ulcer
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
34
Pancreatic Cancer
Painless jaundice
35
Gallstones and alcohol use
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
36
Alcohol abuse
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
37
IV fluids, insulin, K replacement
Standard treatment for DKA
38
Insulin and low sugar diet
Standard treatment for DM type 1
39
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, low sugar diet, weight loss, possibly insulin
Standard treatment for DM type 2
40
Whipple's Disease
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, and hyperpigmentation
41
Celiac Sprue
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies
42
Folic Acid
Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
43
Fatty Liver Disease
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
44
Mallory Bodies
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
45
Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma
Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
46
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1
Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
47
Gilbert Syndrome
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
48
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
49
Wilson's Disease
Green/ yellow corneal deposits
50
Wilson's Disease
Low serum ceruloplasm
51
Hemochromotosis
Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation
52
Heparin
Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
53
Warfarin
Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
54
Heparin
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
55
Lead poisoning
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
56
ITP
Antiplatelet antibodies
57
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Bleeding disorder with gp1b deficiency
58
Von Willebrand Factor Deficiency
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
59
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever
60
CLL
Smudge cells
61
Multiple Myeloma
Punched out lytic bone lesions
62
Burkitt Lymphoma
Sheet of lymphoid cells, with a starry sky appearance
63
Rouleaux formation
RBC clumped together like a stack of coins
64
MGUS, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobinemia
Monoclonal antibody spike
65
Auer Rod - AML
Reddish pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
66
Reed Sternberg Cells - Hodgkin Lymphoma
Large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye inclusions"
67
Vitamin D
Treatment of choice for rickets and osteomalacia
68
Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency)
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucus membranes, and spots on the skin
69
Folate Deficiency
Most common vitamin deficiency in the US
70
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
Hypersegmented neutrophils
71
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
B1 deficiency (thiamine) - Wet Beri Beri
72
Carcinoid Tumor
Most common cancer of appendix
73
Appendicitis
Most common surgical emergency
74
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
75
Gardner's Syndrome
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
76
McBurney's Sign
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
77
Colon Cancer
Apple core lesion on barium enema
78
Sigmoid Colon
Most common site of colonic diverticuli
79
Crohn's Disease
String sign on contrast X-ray
80
Ulcerative Colitis
Lead pipe appearance of colon on contrast X-ray
81
Staph Aureus, Bacillus cereus
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
82
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
83
Toxoplasma gondii
Ring-enhancing lesion in an HIV patient
84
Metronidazole
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
85
Giardia lamblia
Most common protozoal diarrhea
86
Enterobius vermicularis
Most common helminth infection in the US
87
Ascaris lumbricoides
Second most common helminth infection in the US
88
Kartagener Syndrome
Chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus
89
(Also think of DIC)
Elevated D-dimers
90
Virchow's Triad
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
91
Chronic Bronchitis
Blue bloater
92
Emphysema
Pink Puffer
93
(due to breakdown of eosinophils in sputum)
Curschmann's spirals
94
COPD
Most common cause of pulmonary hypertension
95
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas
Most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia
96
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Lung cancer associated with SIADH
97
Ferruginous bodies --\> Asbestosis
Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
98
Staph aureus
Most common bacteria implicated in exotoxin-mediated food poisonings
99
Actinomyces israelii
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
100
Ghon Complex
Calcified granuloma in the lung plus hilar lymphadenopathy
101
Pott's Disease - Tuberculosis
Back pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss
102
Can give Vit. B6 to prevent neurotoxicity for INH
Standard treatment regimen for TB
103
Penicillin
Standard treatment for T. pallidum
104
Pasteurella multocida
Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
105
Chancre of 1\_ syphilis
A non-painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
106
Condyloma lata - 2\_ syphilis
Moist, smooth, flat white genital lesion
107
Erythema chronicum migrans - Lyme Disease
Large bull's eye rash
108
PDA
Continuous machinery-like heart murmur
109
Tetralogy of Fallot
Boot-shaped heart
110
Coarctation of aorta
Rib notching
111
VSD
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
112
Tetralogy of Fallot
Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis
113
Right heart failure due to pulmonary disease
Cor pulmonale
114
Right heart failure or Budd Chiari Syndrome
Nutmeg liver
115
Aortic Regurgitation
Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur
116
MVP
Most common congenital heart murmur
117
Dressler Syndrome
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI
118
Aschoff bodies in rheumatic heart disease
Granulomatous nodules in the heart
119
Myxoma for most common primary tumor
Most common cardiac tumor in adults
120
Rhabdomyoma
Most common primary cardiac tumor in children
121
TB in developing countries
Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
122
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Worst headache of my life
123
Epidural hematoma
Lucid interval following head trauma
124
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Bloody CSF on LP
125
Rupture of bridging veins
Most common cause of subdural hematoma
126
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
127
Parkinson
Depigmentation of the substantia nigra
128
Huntington
Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen
129
Lewy Bodies
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
130
Internuclear opthalmoplegia
Conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
131
Tabes Dorsalis (3\_ Syphilis)
Degeneration of the dorsal columns
132
Multiple Sclerosis
Demyelinating disease in a young woman
133
ALS
Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
134
Paget Disease of bone
Bone enlargement, bone pain, and arthritis
135
Osteoporosis
Vertebral compression fractures
136
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Most common cause of hypercalcemia
137
Parathyroid adenoma
Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
138
Chronic Renal Failure
Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
139
Accidental Parathyroidectomy
Most common cause of hyperparathyroidism
140
Chvostek's sign
Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheeck
141
MEN 1
Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
142
ACL injury
Positive anterior drawer sign
143
Gout
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
144
Osteoarthritis
Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
145
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
146
Sjogren's Syndrome
Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
147
Pseudogout
Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
148
Gout
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
149
Osteoarthritis
Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
150
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Bamboo spine on X-ray
151
Reactive Arthritis
HLA-B27
152
Lupus
Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies
153
Drug-induced lupus
Anti-histone antibodies
154
CREST Scleroderma
Anti-centromere antibodies
155
Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
156
Lupus
Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenom in a young woman
157
Lupus nephritis
Most common cause of death in SLE
158
Sterile vegetations on both sides of valve
Most common cardiac manifestation of SLE
159
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
160
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Most common malignant skin tumor
161
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
162
Fluconazole
Prophylaxis for Cryptococcus in AIDS patients
163
TMP-SMX
Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients
164
Oral Potassium Iodide or Itraconazole
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
165
Nystatin or Flucoconazole
Treatment for oral candidiasis
166
Amphotericin B
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
167
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Pupil that accommodates but does not react to light
168
Methylphenidate
Most common medication for ADHD
169
SSRI
Most common medication class for bulimia nervosa
170
Benzodiazepines or alcohol
Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
171
Alcoholics Anonymous
Most effective treatment for alcohol use
172
Wernicke encephalopathy
Atrophy of the mamillary bodies
173
Alzheimer Disease
Most common cause of dementia
174
Multi infarct dementia
Second most common cause of dementia
175
Senile plaques in Alzheimer disease
Extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter
176
Neurofibrillary tangles
Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
177
Pick bodies
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein, see on silver stain
178
Ethosuximide
Treatment for absence seizures
179
Phenytoin, Valproic Acid, Carbamazepine
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
180
Desmopressin
Treatment for central DI
181
HCTZ, Indomethacin, Amiloride
Treatment for nephrogenic DI
182
Amiloride
Treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
183
TMP-SMX
Most common medication sued for UTI prophylaxis
184
Proteus, sometimes staph
Most common bacteria in a patient with struvite kidney stones
185
Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV-8)
Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
186
HSV-1 Encephalitis
Temporal lobe encephalitis
187
CMV
Owl eye inclusions in monocytes (Not Hodgkin Lymphoma)
188
Type A Cowdry bodies (HSV and CMV)
Intranucelar eosinophilic droplets
189
Parvovirus B19
Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
190
Parvovirus B19
Child with a fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face that spreads to his body
191
Measles (Rubeola)
Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash
192
Koplik Spots (Mumps)
Smal irregular blue gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
193
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas
Most common etiology of nosocomial pneumonia
194
Group B Strep
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates
195
N. Meningitidis
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children
196
Strep Pneumoniae
Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults
197
Pseudomonas
Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user
198
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
199
Chlamydia
Most common reportable STD
200
Chancre of 1\_ syphilis
Non-painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesions
201
Chancroid
Painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, with exudate
202
Clue Cell
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge
203
Penicillin
Common treatment for syphilis
204
Metronidazole
Common treatment for trichomonas
205
Doxycycline
Common treatment for Chlamydia
206
Ceftriaxone
Common treatment for gonorrhea
207
Prostate Cancer
Most common cancer in men
208
BPH
Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
209
Sildenafil
Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
210
Koilocytes
Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged dark nuclei
211
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure
212
Leiomyoma
Most common tumor in women
213
Endometrial Carcinoma
Most common gynecologic malignancy in the US
214
Cervical Cancer
Most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide
215
Endometriosis
Chocolate cyst of the ovary
216
Incorrect pregnancy dating
Increased AFP on amniocentesis
