DIT Rapid Fire Facts2 Flashcards
Folate Deficiency
Most common cause of neural tube defects
Alcohol Use
Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Most common cause of congenital mental retardation in the US
Marfan’s Syndrome
Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocations
Alport Syndrome (Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear me)
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Bell’s Palsy
Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead
Horner’s Syndrome
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Alzheimer’s Disease
Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain
Organophosphate poisoning (Parasympathetic overstimulation) (treat with Atropine and Pralidoxamine)
Drooling farmer
Sheehan’s Syndrome
Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
Prolactinoma
Infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopsia
Adrenal adenoma
Most common tumor of the adrenal
Pheochromocytoma
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Neuroblastoma
Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Adrenal Adenoma
Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone or Eplerenone
Medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
Non-selective beta blocker (Phenoxybenzamine or Phentolamine)
Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism
MEN 2B
Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas
Addison’s Disease
Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Papillary Carcinoma
Most common thyroid cancer
Hypothyroidism
Cold intolerance
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary cancer of thyroid)
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Aspergillus, Candida
Most common infections seen in chronic granulomatous disease
Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome (Job syndrome)
Eczema, recurrent URI, high serum IgE
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Signet Ring Cell
Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus
Adenocarcinoma
Most common type of stomach cancer
Krukenburg Tumor
Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer
Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Cushing ulcer
Acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
Curling ulcer
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Pancreatic Cancer
Painless jaundice
Gallstones and alcohol use
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
Alcohol abuse
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
IV fluids, insulin, K replacement
Standard treatment for DKA
Insulin and low sugar diet
Standard treatment for DM type 1
Oral hypoglycemic drugs, low sugar diet, weight loss, possibly insulin
Standard treatment for DM type 2
Whipple’s Disease
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, and hyperpigmentation
Celiac Sprue
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies
Folic Acid
Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
Fatty Liver Disease
Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
Mallory Bodies
Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma
Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1
Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Gilbert Syndrome
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Wilson’s Disease
Green/ yellow corneal deposits
Wilson’s Disease
Low serum ceruloplasm
Hemochromotosis
Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation
Heparin
Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
Warfarin
Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
Heparin
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
Lead poisoning
Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
ITP
Antiplatelet antibodies
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Bleeding disorder with gp1b deficiency
Von Willebrand Factor Deficiency
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever
CLL
Smudge cells
Multiple Myeloma
Punched out lytic bone lesions
Burkitt Lymphoma
Sheet of lymphoid cells, with a starry sky appearance
Rouleaux formation
RBC clumped together like a stack of coins
MGUS, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobinemia
Monoclonal antibody spike
Auer Rod - AML
Reddish pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Reed Sternberg Cells - Hodgkin Lymphoma
Large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent “owl’s eye inclusions”
Vitamin D
Treatment of choice for rickets and osteomalacia
Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency)
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucus membranes, and spots on the skin
Folate Deficiency
Most common vitamin deficiency in the US
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
B1 deficiency (thiamine) - Wet Beri Beri
Carcinoid Tumor
Most common cancer of appendix
Appendicitis
Most common surgical emergency
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Gardner’s Syndrome
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
McBurney’s Sign
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
Colon Cancer
Apple core lesion on barium enema
Sigmoid Colon
Most common site of colonic diverticuli
Crohn’s Disease
String sign on contrast X-ray
Ulcerative Colitis
Lead pipe appearance of colon on contrast X-ray
Staph Aureus, Bacillus cereus
Food poisoning due to exotoxin
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Toxoplasma gondii
Ring-enhancing lesion in an HIV patient
Metronidazole
Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis
Giardia lamblia
Most common protozoal diarrhea
Enterobius vermicularis
Most common helminth infection in the US