DIT Rapid Fire Facts2 Flashcards

1
Q

Folate Deficiency

A

Most common cause of neural tube defects

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2
Q

Alcohol Use

A

Most common cause of congenital malformations in the US

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3
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

Most common cause of congenital mental retardation in the US

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4
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A

Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocations

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5
Q

Alport Syndrome (Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t hear me)

A

hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

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6
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Unilateral facial drooping involving the forehead

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7
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

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8
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain

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9
Q

Organophosphate poisoning (Parasympathetic overstimulation) (treat with Atropine and Pralidoxamine)

A

Drooling farmer

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10
Q

Sheehan’s Syndrome

A

Inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

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11
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopsia

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12
Q

Adrenal adenoma

A

Most common tumor of the adrenal

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13
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

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14
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

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15
Q

Adrenal Adenoma

A

Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

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16
Q

Spironolactone or Eplerenone

A

Medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism

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17
Q

Non-selective beta blocker (Phenoxybenzamine or Phentolamine)

A

Medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

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18
Q

MEN 2A

A

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism

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19
Q

MEN 2B

A

Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, and mucosal neuromas

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20
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation

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21
Q

Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)

A

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

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22
Q

Papillary Carcinoma

A

Most common thyroid cancer

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23
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Cold intolerance

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24
Q

Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary cancer of thyroid)

A

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

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25
Q

S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Aspergillus, Candida

A

Most common infections seen in chronic granulomatous disease

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26
Q

Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome (Job syndrome)

A

Eczema, recurrent URI, high serum IgE

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27
Q

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

A

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes

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28
Q

Signet Ring Cell

A

Mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus

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29
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Most common type of stomach cancer

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30
Q

Krukenburg Tumor

A

Ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer

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31
Q

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

A

Gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels

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32
Q

Cushing ulcer

A

Acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma

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33
Q

Curling ulcer

A

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

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34
Q

Pancreatic Cancer

A

Painless jaundice

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35
Q

Gallstones and alcohol use

A

Most common cause of acute pancreatitis

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36
Q

Alcohol abuse

A

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

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37
Q

IV fluids, insulin, K replacement

A

Standard treatment for DKA

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38
Q

Insulin and low sugar diet

A

Standard treatment for DM type 1

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39
Q

Oral hypoglycemic drugs, low sugar diet, weight loss, possibly insulin

A

Standard treatment for DM type 2

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40
Q

Whipple’s Disease

A

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, and hyperpigmentation

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41
Q

Celiac Sprue

A

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/ anti-endomysial antibodies

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42
Q

Folic Acid

A

Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects

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43
Q

Fatty Liver Disease

A

Triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes

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44
Q

Mallory Bodies

A

Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

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45
Q

Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma

A

Cancer closely linked to cirrhosis

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46
Q

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1

A

Severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate

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47
Q

Gilbert Syndrome

A

Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia

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48
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites

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49
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Green/ yellow corneal deposits

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50
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Low serum ceruloplasm

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51
Q

Hemochromotosis

A

Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation

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52
Q

Heparin

A

Preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation

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53
Q

Warfarin

A

Preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation

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54
Q

Heparin

A

Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy

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55
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Bluish-colored lines on the gingivae

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56
Q

ITP

A

Antiplatelet antibodies

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57
Q

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

A

Bleeding disorder with gp1b deficiency

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58
Q

Von Willebrand Factor Deficiency

A

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

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59
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Cancer most commonly associated with a noninfectious fever

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60
Q

CLL

A

Smudge cells

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61
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Punched out lytic bone lesions

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62
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma

A

Sheet of lymphoid cells, with a starry sky appearance

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63
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

RBC clumped together like a stack of coins

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64
Q

MGUS, multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobinemia

A

Monoclonal antibody spike

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65
Q

Auer Rod - AML

A

Reddish pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

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66
Q

Reed Sternberg Cells - Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent “owl’s eye inclusions”

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67
Q

Vitamin D

A

Treatment of choice for rickets and osteomalacia

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68
Q

Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency)

A

Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucus membranes, and spots on the skin

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69
Q

Folate Deficiency

A

Most common vitamin deficiency in the US

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70
Q

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)

A

Hypersegmented neutrophils

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71
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy

A

B1 deficiency (thiamine) - Wet Beri Beri

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72
Q

Carcinoid Tumor

A

Most common cancer of appendix

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73
Q

Appendicitis

A

Most common surgical emergency

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74
Q

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A

GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands

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75
Q

Gardner’s Syndrome

A

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors

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76
Q

McBurney’s Sign

A

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

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77
Q

Colon Cancer

A

Apple core lesion on barium enema

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78
Q

Sigmoid Colon

A

Most common site of colonic diverticuli

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79
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

String sign on contrast X-ray

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80
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Lead pipe appearance of colon on contrast X-ray

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81
Q

Staph Aureus, Bacillus cereus

A

Food poisoning due to exotoxin

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82
Q

Salmonella

A

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

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83
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Ring-enhancing lesion in an HIV patient

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84
Q

Metronidazole

A

Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis

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85
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Most common protozoal diarrhea

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86
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Most common helminth infection in the US

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87
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Second most common helminth infection in the US

88
Q

Kartagener Syndrome

A

Chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus

89
Q

(Also think of DIC)

A

Elevated D-dimers

90
Q

Virchow’s Triad

A

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

91
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Blue bloater

92
Q

Emphysema

A

Pink Puffer

93
Q

(due to breakdown of eosinophils in sputum)

A

Curschmann’s spirals

94
Q

COPD

A

Most common cause of pulmonary hypertension

95
Q

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas

A

Most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia

96
Q

Small Cell Lung Cancer

A

Lung cancer associated with SIADH

97
Q

Ferruginous bodies –> Asbestosis

A

Iron-containing nodules in the alveolar septum

98
Q

Staph aureus

A

Most common bacteria implicated in exotoxin-mediated food poisonings

99
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

100
Q

Ghon Complex

A

Calcified granuloma in the lung plus hilar lymphadenopathy

101
Q

Pott’s Disease - Tuberculosis

A

Back pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss

102
Q

Can give Vit. B6 to prevent neurotoxicity for INH

A

Standard treatment regimen for TB

103
Q

Penicillin

A

Standard treatment for T. pallidum

104
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A

Cellulitis from a dog or cat bite

105
Q

Chancre of 1_ syphilis

A

A non-painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

106
Q

Condyloma lata - 2_ syphilis

A

Moist, smooth, flat white genital lesion

107
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans - Lyme Disease

A

Large bull’s eye rash

108
Q

PDA

A

Continuous machinery-like heart murmur

109
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Boot-shaped heart

110
Q

Coarctation of aorta

A

Rib notching

111
Q

VSD

A

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly

112
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Most common congenital cause of early cyanosis

113
Q

Right heart failure due to pulmonary disease

A

Cor pulmonale

114
Q

Right heart failure or Budd Chiari Syndrome

A

Nutmeg liver

115
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur

116
Q

MVP

A

Most common congenital heart murmur

117
Q

Dressler Syndrome

A

Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI

118
Q

Aschoff bodies in rheumatic heart disease

A

Granulomatous nodules in the heart

119
Q

Myxoma for most common primary tumor

A

Most common cardiac tumor in adults

120
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Most common primary cardiac tumor in children

121
Q

TB in developing countries

A

Most common cause of constrictive pericarditis

122
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Worst headache of my life

123
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Lucid interval following head trauma

124
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bloody CSF on LP

125
Q

Rupture of bridging veins

A

Most common cause of subdural hematoma

126
Q

Rupture of middle meningeal artery

A

Most common cause of epidural hematoma

127
Q

Parkinson

A

Depigmentation of the substantia nigra

128
Q

Huntington

A

Chorea, dementia, and atrophy of the caudate and putamen

129
Q

Lewy Bodies

A

Eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons

130
Q

Internuclear opthalmoplegia

A

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze

131
Q

Tabes Dorsalis (3_ Syphilis)

A

Degeneration of the dorsal columns

132
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Demyelinating disease in a young woman

133
Q

ALS

A

Mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease

134
Q

Paget Disease of bone

A

Bone enlargement, bone pain, and arthritis

135
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Vertebral compression fractures

136
Q

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

A

Most common cause of hypercalcemia

137
Q

Parathyroid adenoma

A

Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

138
Q

Chronic Renal Failure

A

Most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

139
Q

Accidental Parathyroidectomy

A

Most common cause of hyperparathyroidism

140
Q

Chvostek’s sign

A

Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheeck

141
Q

MEN 1

A

Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors

142
Q

ACL injury

A

Positive anterior drawer sign

143
Q

Gout

A

Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint

144
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

145
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Swollen, boggy, painful finger joints

146
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome

A

Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes

147
Q

Pseudogout

A

Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

148
Q

Gout

A

Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals

149
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

150
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Bamboo spine on X-ray

151
Q

Reactive Arthritis

A

HLA-B27

152
Q

Lupus

A

Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies

153
Q

Drug-induced lupus

A

Anti-histone antibodies

154
Q

CREST Scleroderma

A

Anti-centromere antibodies

155
Q

Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma

A

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

156
Q

Lupus

A

Facial rash and Raynaud phenomenom in a young woman

157
Q

Lupus nephritis

A

Most common cause of death in SLE

158
Q

Sterile vegetations on both sides of valve

A

Most common cardiac manifestation of SLE

159
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

160
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

Most common malignant skin tumor

161
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients

162
Q

Fluconazole

A

Prophylaxis for Cryptococcus in AIDS patients

163
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDS patients

164
Q

Oral Potassium Iodide or Itraconazole

A

Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii

165
Q

Nystatin or Flucoconazole

A

Treatment for oral candidiasis

166
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Treatment for systemic candidiasis

167
Q

Argyll-Robertson Pupil

A

Pupil that accommodates but does not react to light

168
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Most common medication for ADHD

169
Q

SSRI

A

Most common medication class for bulimia nervosa

170
Q

Benzodiazepines or alcohol

A

Medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal

171
Q

Alcoholics Anonymous

A

Most effective treatment for alcohol use

172
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy

A

Atrophy of the mamillary bodies

173
Q

Alzheimer Disease

A

Most common cause of dementia

174
Q

Multi infarct dementia

A

Second most common cause of dementia

175
Q

Senile plaques in Alzheimer disease

A

Extracellular amyloid deposits in gray matter

176
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

177
Q

Pick bodies

A

Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein, see on silver stain

178
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Treatment for absence seizures

179
Q

Phenytoin, Valproic Acid, Carbamazepine

A

Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures

180
Q

Desmopressin

A

Treatment for central DI

181
Q

HCTZ, Indomethacin, Amiloride

A

Treatment for nephrogenic DI

182
Q

Amiloride

A

Treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI

183
Q

TMP-SMX

A

Most common medication sued for UTI prophylaxis

184
Q

Proteus, sometimes staph

A

Most common bacteria in a patient with struvite kidney stones

185
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV-8)

A

Dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient

186
Q

HSV-1 Encephalitis

A

Temporal lobe encephalitis

187
Q

CMV

A

Owl eye inclusions in monocytes (Not Hodgkin Lymphoma)

188
Q

Type A Cowdry bodies (HSV and CMV)

A

Intranucelar eosinophilic droplets

189
Q

Parvovirus B19

A

Aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient

190
Q

Parvovirus B19

A

Child with a fever and “slapped cheek” rash on the face that spreads to his body

191
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A

Fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, and diffuse rash

192
Q

Koplik Spots (Mumps)

A

Smal irregular blue gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red

193
Q

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas

A

Most common etiology of nosocomial pneumonia

194
Q

Group B Strep

A

Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in neonates

195
Q

N. Meningitidis

A

Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in children

196
Q

Strep Pneumoniae

A

Most common etiology of bacterial meningitis in adults

197
Q

Pseudomonas

A

Osteomyelitis in an IV drug user

198
Q

Salmonella

A

Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient

199
Q

Chlamydia

A

Most common reportable STD

200
Q

Chancre of 1_ syphilis

A

Non-painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesions

201
Q

Chancroid

A

Painful indurated, ulcerated genital lesion, with exudate

202
Q

Clue Cell

A

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells on a wet prep of vaginal discharge

203
Q

Penicillin

A

Common treatment for syphilis

204
Q

Metronidazole

A

Common treatment for trichomonas

205
Q

Doxycycline

A

Common treatment for Chlamydia

206
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Common treatment for gonorrhea

207
Q

Prostate Cancer

A

Most common cancer in men

208
Q

BPH

A

Most common cause of urinary obstruction in men

209
Q

Sildenafil

A

Most common treatment for erectile dysfunction

210
Q

Koilocytes

A

Dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged dark nuclei

211
Q

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure

212
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Most common tumor in women

213
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma

A

Most common gynecologic malignancy in the US

214
Q

Cervical Cancer

A

Most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide

215
Q

Endometriosis

A

Chocolate cyst of the ovary

216
Q

Incorrect pregnancy dating

A

Increased AFP on amniocentesis