DIT rapid fire facts Flashcards
boy with self mutilating behavior, intellectual disability, gout
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
orotic acid in urine + elevates serum ammonia
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
orotic acid in urine + nml serum ammonia
Orotic Aciduria
megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate & B12
Orotic Aciduria
bluish colored lines on gingivae
burtons lines (lead lines)
treatment of choice for Rickets or Osteomalacia
vitamin D
swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucus membranes, spots on skin
Scurvy
vitamin C deficiency
most common vitamin deficiency in US
folate deficiency
hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic Anemia
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
Wet Beriberi (B1 / Thiamine deficiency)
most common cause of neural tube defects
folate deficiency
most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in US
alcohol use during pregnancy
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan Syndrome
fibrillin
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport Syndrome (type IV collagen)
chronic sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus
Kartagener Syndrome
elevated D-dimer
PE, DVT (clot)
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow’s Triad
blue bloater
Chronic Bronchitis (COPD) - hypoxemia & hypercapnia
pink puffer
Emphysema (COPD)
- dyspnea & hyperventilation
curshmann spirals
mucus plugs in Asthma
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitits
Sarcoidosis
vasculitis, glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture
Wegener (granulomatosis with polyangiits)
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture
honeycomb lung on XR
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic granules
Birbeck granules (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis)
iron containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (Asbestosis)
lung CA with SIADH
small cell carcinoma of lung
tumor associated with Horner Syndrome
Pancoast Tumor
lung CA associated with hypercalcemia
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
lung CA associate with weakness
small cell carcinoma of lung
Lambert Eaton paraneoplastic syndrome
substances associated with lung cancer
smoking
radon
asbestos
silica
inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
Sheehan Syndrome
infertility, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopsia
Prolactinoma
most common causes of Cushing Syndrome
iatrogenic
ACTH pituitary adenoma
ACTH ectopic production
cortisol secreting adrenal tumor
most common tumor of adrenal
benign, nonfunctioning adrenal adenoma
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
Pheochromocytoma
most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children
Neuroblastoma
most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal Adenoma
medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone, Eplerenone
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
nonselective a-blocker first (phenoxybenzamine)
then B-blocker
pheochromocytoma
medullary thyroid CA
hyperparathyroid
MEN2A
pheochromocytoma
medullary thyroid CA
mucosal neuromas
MEN2B
adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Addison Disease
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)
most common thyroid cancer
Papillary Thyroid CA
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Papillary Thyroid CA
standard trx for DKA
IV fluids
IV insulin
K+
standart trx for type I DM
insulin
standard trx for type II DM
low carb diet, weight loss
oral hypoglycemic drugs
insulin
most common cause of hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid Adenoma
most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic renal failure
facial spasm with tapping of cheek
Chvostek sign
parathyroid, pancreatic & pituitary tumors
MEN1
main artery of pelvis
internal iliac artery
main nerve of pelvis
pudendal nerve
“bag of worms” scrotum
varicocele
most common CA in men
prostate CA
most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
BPH
most common treatment of erectile dysfunction
sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor)
hepatic adenoma
OCP use
“grape like” vaginal tumor
sarcoma botyroides
koilocytes
HPV infection
most common benign tumor in women
leiomyoma
“chocolate cyst” of ovary
endometrioma (endometriosis of ovary)
“powder burn” lesion
endometriosis
most common cause of infertility in women
PCOS
midcyclic pelvic pain associated with ovulation
mittelschmertz
ovarian tumor + ascities + hydrothorax
Meigs Syndrome
teratoma –> hyperthyroidism
Struma Ovarii
“snowstorm” appearance on US
Hydatidiform Mole
most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Down Syndrome
second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X Syndrome
horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
Turner Syndrome
rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
Trisomy 18 - Edward’s
most common CA in women in US
breast CA
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
blue dome cyst in breast
fibrocystic change
most common malignant breast tumor
invasive ductal carcinoma
trx for ER(+) breast CA
tamoxifen
red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
Paget disease of nipple
Iron deficiency anemia
Esophageal web
Beefy-red tongue (atrophic glossitis)
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
