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buzzwords > DIT rapid fire facts > Flashcards

DIT rapid fire facts Flashcards

1
Q

boy with self mutilating behavior, intellectual disability, gout

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

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2
Q

orotic acid in urine + elevates serum ammonia

A

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

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3
Q

orotic acid in urine + nml serum ammonia

A

Orotic Aciduria

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4
Q

megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate & B12

A

Orotic Aciduria

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5
Q

bluish colored lines on gingivae

A

burtons lines (lead lines)

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6
Q

treatment of choice for Rickets or Osteomalacia

A

vitamin D

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7
Q

swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucus membranes, spots on skin

A

Scurvy

vitamin C deficiency

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8
Q

most common vitamin deficiency in US

A

folate deficiency

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9
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic Anemia

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10
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy

A 
Wet Beriberi 
(B1 / Thiamine deficiency)
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11
Q

most common cause of neural tube defects

A

folate deficiency

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12
Q

most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in US

A

alcohol use during pregnancy

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13
Q

hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

A

Marfan Syndrome

fibrillin

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14
Q

hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

A 
Alport Syndrome 
(type IV collagen)
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15
Q

chronic sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus

A

Kartagener Syndrome

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16
Q

elevated D-dimer

A

PE, DVT (clot)

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17
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

A

Virchow’s Triad

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18
Q

blue bloater

A 
Chronic Bronchitis (COPD)
- hypoxemia & hypercapnia
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19
Q

pink puffer

A

Emphysema (COPD)

- dyspnea & hyperventilation

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20
Q

curshmann spirals

A

mucus plugs in Asthma

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21
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitits

A

Sarcoidosis

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22
Q

vasculitis, glomerulonephritis

A

Goodpasture

Wegener (granulomatosis with polyangiits)

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23
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture

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24
Q

honeycomb lung on XR

A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

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25
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic granules

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis)

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26
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (Asbestosis)

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27
Q

lung CA with SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

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28
Q

tumor associated with Horner Syndrome

A

Pancoast Tumor

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29
Q

lung CA associated with hypercalcemia

A

squamous cell carcinoma of lung

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30
Q

lung CA associate with weakness

A

small cell carcinoma of lung

Lambert Eaton paraneoplastic syndrome

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31
Q

substances associated with lung cancer

A

smoking
radon
asbestos
silica

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32
Q

inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan Syndrome

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33
Q

infertility, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopsia

A

Prolactinoma

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34
Q

most common causes of Cushing Syndrome

A

iatrogenic
ACTH pituitary adenoma
ACTH ectopic production
cortisol secreting adrenal tumor

35
Q

most common tumor of adrenal

A

benign, nonfunctioning adrenal adenoma

36
Q

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults

A

Pheochromocytoma

37
Q

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children

A

Neuroblastoma

38
Q

most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adrenal Adenoma

39
Q

medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

40
Q

medical treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

nonselective a-blocker first (phenoxybenzamine)

then B-blocker

41
Q

pheochromocytoma
medullary thyroid CA
hyperparathyroid

A

MEN2A

42
Q

pheochromocytoma
medullary thyroid CA
mucosal neuromas

A

MEN2B

43
Q

adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation

A

Addison Disease

44
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)

45
Q

most common thyroid cancer

A

Papillary Thyroid CA

46
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

47
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Papillary Thyroid CA

48
Q

standard trx for DKA

A

IV fluids
IV insulin
K+

49
Q

standart trx for type I DM

A

insulin

50
Q

standard trx for type II DM

A

low carb diet, weight loss
oral hypoglycemic drugs
insulin

51
Q

most common cause of hypercalcemia

A

primary hyperparathyroidism

52
Q

most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroid Adenoma

53
Q

most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

chronic renal failure

54
Q

facial spasm with tapping of cheek

A

Chvostek sign

55
Q

parathyroid, pancreatic & pituitary tumors

A

MEN1

56
Q

main artery of pelvis

A

internal iliac artery

57
Q

main nerve of pelvis

A

pudendal nerve

58
Q

“bag of worms” scrotum

A

varicocele

59
Q

most common CA in men

A

prostate CA

60
Q

most common cause of urinary obstruction in men

A

BPH

61
Q

most common treatment of erectile dysfunction

A

sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor)

62
Q

hepatic adenoma

A

OCP use

63
Q

“grape like” vaginal tumor

A

sarcoma botyroides

64
Q

koilocytes

A

HPV infection

65
Q

most common benign tumor in women

A

leiomyoma

66
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometrioma (endometriosis of ovary)

67
Q

“powder burn” lesion

A

endometriosis

68
Q

most common cause of infertility in women

A

PCOS

69
Q

midcyclic pelvic pain associated with ovulation

A

mittelschmertz

70
Q

ovarian tumor + ascities + hydrothorax

A

Meigs Syndrome

71
Q

teratoma –> hyperthyroidism

A

Struma Ovarii

72
Q

“snowstorm” appearance on US

A

Hydatidiform Mole

73
Q

most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Down Syndrome

74
Q

second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

Fragile X Syndrome

75
Q

horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma

A

Turner Syndrome

76
Q

rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw

A

Trisomy 18 - Edward’s

77
Q

most common CA in women in US

A

breast CA

78
Q

most common benign breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

79
Q

blue dome cyst in breast

A

fibrocystic change

80
Q

most common malignant breast tumor

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

81
Q

trx for ER(+) breast CA

A

tamoxifen

82
Q

red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple

A

Paget disease of nipple

83
Q

Iron deficiency anemia
Esophageal web
Beefy-red tongue (atrophic glossitis)

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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