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Step 1 > DIT primers: Biochem > Flashcards

DIT primers: Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

antibiotic: Teeth discoloration

A

Tetracyclines

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2
Q

Antibiotic: Tendonitis

A

Fluoroquinolones

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3
Q

Antibiotic: Red man Syndrome

A

Vancomycin

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4
Q

Antibiotic: Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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5
Q

Antibiotic: Cartilage damage in children

A

Fluoroquinolones

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6
Q

Antibiotic: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

A

aminoglycosides

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7
Q

Antibiotic: Psuedomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin, ampicillin

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8
Q

Which structures form the Hasselback triangle?

A

Top: Inferior epigastric artery
Medial: rectus Abdominus muscle
Lateral: inguinal Ligament

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9
Q

Pathway, location and source of nitrogen for Carbamoul phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS-1)?

A
  • Urea pathway
  • Mitochondria
  • Ammonia
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10
Q

Pathway, location and source of nitrogen for Carbamoul phosphate synthetase 2 (CPS-2)?

A
  • Pyrimidine synthesis pathway
  • Cytosol
  • Glutamine
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11
Q

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome is a deficiency in what enzyme

A
  • HGPRT (hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphorribosyltransferase)

- converts hypoxanthine to IMP and Guanine to GMP

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12
Q

key features of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

A
  • Gout (hyperuricemia)
  • Intellectual disability
  • aggressive behavior
  • Self mutilation (lip biting)
  • movement disorders (dystonia)
  • X-linked (boys)

pneumonic is HGPRT . .this is also the enzyme deficiency

  • H (Hyperuricemia)
  • G (Gout)
  • P (pissed off, aggression, self-mutilation)
  • R (Retardation)
  • T (dystonia)
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13
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme in purine synthesis?

Pyrimidine?

A
  • Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

- Carbamoul phosphate synthetase 2 (CPS-2)

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14
Q

What are the sources of carbon in the synthesis of purines?

Pyrimidines?

A
  • CO2, Glycine, Tetrahydrofolate

- Aspartate, CO2

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15
Q

Which medication inhibits Ribonucleotide reductase?

A

Hydroxyurea

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16
Q

Which medication inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase?

A

Methotrexate and Trimethoprim

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17
Q

Which medication inhibits Thymidylate synthase?

A

5-fluorouracil

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18
Q

Which medication inhibits Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase?

A

Mycophenolate and ribavirin

19
Q

Which medication inhibits PRPP amidotransferase?

A

-6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)

20
Q

what accounts for the positive charge of histone?

what accounts for the negative charge of DNA?

A
  • Lysine and Arginine

- Phosphate groups

21
Q

How many adenine residues are found in a molecule of DNA if one strand contains A=2000, G=500, C=1500, T=1000?

22
Q

A boy with self mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout

A

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

23
Q

Orotic acid in the urine + elevated serum ammonia?

A

Ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency

24
Q

Orotic acid in the urine + normal serum ammonia?

A

Orotic aciduria

25
Q

Megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B12?

A

Orotic aciduria

26
Q

What are the most common causes of meningitis from birth to 6 months of age

A
  • Group B strep
  • E. coli
  • Listeria
27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dantrolene

A

-Prevents the release of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle

28
Q

what substances inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine

A
  • cocaine

- Tricyclic Antidepressants

29
Q

What enzyme matches amino acids to tRNA?

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

30
Q

what antibiotics are inhibitors of prokaryotic protein synthesis at the 30S ribosome?

A
  • Aminoglycosides

- Tetracyclines

31
Q

What antibiotics are inhibitors of prokaryotic protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit?

A
  • Choramphenicol
  • Clindamycin
  • Erythromycin
  • Lincomycin
  • Linezolid
32
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Cat Scratch Fever?

A

Bartonella

33
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia Burgdorferi

34
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Recurrent fever from variable surface antigens?

A

Borrelia recurrentis

35
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Bloody diarrhea

A

-Campylobacter

36
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

37
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Tularemia?

A

Franciella Tularentis

38
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes Leptospirosis

A

Leptospira

39
Q

Which Zoonotic bacterium causes cellulitis and osteomyelitis from cat or dog bites?

A

Pasteurella multocida

40
Q

what is the clinical significance of a glycolytic enzyme deficiency

A
  • hemolytic anemia
  • due to inability to maintain Na/K ATPase –> RBC swelling/ lysis
  • Pyruvate kinase deficiency is common
41
Q

a muscle biopsy on a pt reveals elevated glycogen levels, elevated fructose 6-phosphate, and decreased pyruvate. What enzyme deficiency do you suspect most?

A

PFK-1, phosphofructokinase-1

42
Q

what enzyme converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

A

hexokinase and glucokinase

43
Q

what enzymes are responsible for increasing and decreasing the intracellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate?

A
  • PFK-2 (fed) . . increases it

- FBPase-2 (fasting) . . decreases it

44
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway?

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