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Geography Cold Environments > Distribution Of Cold Enviroment > Flashcards

Distribution Of Cold Enviroment Flashcards

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0
Q

When did the last ice age end?

A

10,000

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1
Q

When are the major periods of ice activity (ice age)

A

Every 200-250 million years

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2
Q

When was its maximum extent? How much of the earth did it cover? Where did it cover the uk?

A

18000
1/3
Bristol Channel to Norfolk

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3
Q

A glacier retreating?

A

Robert Scott Antarctica

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4
Q

Glacier advancing?

A

Svaritsen glacier Norway

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5
Q

When did the quaternary period begin?

A

2 million

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6
Q

3 main reasons why environment might be cold?

A

High latitude
High altitude
Middle of continents/ continentality

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7
Q

Why are high latitudes cold?

A

Receive less solar radiation- dubs energy hits earth at more of an angle so it spreads over larger areas

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8
Q

Why high altitude cold?

A

Air temperature decreases.
Less of suns energy reflected back from the earth is trapped at higher altitudes.
Gets 6-10 degrees colder every 1000m

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9
Q

Why are middle of continents cold?

A

Far away from sea, in summer the land heats up quickly and sea slowly, in winter land cools quickly sea cools slowly. So in winter sea warms land near coast but not interior, continentality

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10
Q

What are the 4 cold environments?

A

Glacial
Periglacial
Alpine
Polar

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11
Q

Where are glacial environments found?

A

High altitudes

High latitudes

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12
Q

What are glacial environments permanently covered by? What’s can the land be covered by?

A

Ice

Glaciers or ice sheets

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13
Q

Example of high latitude for glacier environment?

A

Antarctica ice sheet
Greenland Ice sheet
60o latitude

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14
Q

Example of high altitudes for glacial environment?

A

Himalayan mountains 30o

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15
Q

Where are periglacial environments found?

A

High altitudes
Highly latitudes
Continental interiors

16
Q

What is a periglacial environment?

A

Places where temp is frequently or constantly below freezing, but not covered by ice. They contain a layer of permafrost on or below the surface

17
Q

Where are periglacial environments found? Examples?

A

High latitude- North America, Europe North Asia
High altitude- around ice masses and mountain ranges- Tibetan plateau
Interior land masses- Siberia, Central Asia

18
Q

Where are alpine environments found?

A

High altitudes above the tree line ( to cold for trees)

19
Q

Examples of where alpine environments found?

A

Above treelike Himalayas and Andes

20
Q

What can alpine environment exist at any?

A

Latitude, they exist at Rocky Mountains ( 50 to 30)

21
Q

What conditions may periglacial environments include?

A

Periglacial- above/ below treeline

Glacial- higher up

22
Q

Where are the polar environments found?

A 
Around poles 
North Pole (Arctic)
South Pole (Antarctica)
23
Q

Why is actic polar enviro cold

A

High latitude

24
Q

What can the arctic polar be fined as?

A

Arctic circle 66oN

10 oC July isotherm (north of this line average temp below 10 in July)

25
Q

What is North Pole made up of

A

Sea ice- shrink in summer open sea, refreezes winter
North land areas- Asia America Europe
Land base- glacial - Greenland
Periglacial Russia

26
Q

Why is the antartica polar environment cold?

A

High latitude

Antartica circle 66oS

27
Q

What can the polar environment around the South Pole be defined as?

A

10 oC January isotherm

28
Q

How thick is the ice in some places of the antartica, what latitude does it reach?

A

4000m

29
Q

How far is the centre of antartica away from the arming effects of the ocean

A

Hundreds km- continentality

30
Q

What is a large area around the antartica land mass made up of?

A

Ice sheets

31
Q

What are the reasons for climatic fluctuations? (5)

A

Changes in earths position in space, orbit and tilt
Variations in sunspot activity changing the amount of polar radiation received by the earth
Changes in the amount of volcanic dust affecting the amount of radiation trapped by the atmosphere
Trapping of co2 by oceans reducing total amount in the atmosphere and this cooling the planet
Variations in the oceans currents

Geography Cold Environments (4 decks)

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