Distinctive Landscapes Flashcards

Question

How does a cave form?

Answer 1

Waves crash into headlands and enlarge the cracks- mainly by hydraulic power and abrasion. Repeated erosion cause cave to form.

Answer 2

Further continued erosion deepens the cave until it breaks through the headland forming an arch.

Answer 3

Roof of arch becomes too heavy so it collapses forming a stack that is a rock separate from the headland.

Answer 4

Stack is undercut and collapses leaving a stump.

Answer 5

Formed by constructive waves depositing material. Sand particles are small and the weak backwash can move them back down the beach, creating a long, gentle slope. Shingle particles are large and the weak backwash can't move them back down the beach, creating the particles to build up and a steep slope.

Answer 6

longshore drift transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits it in the sea. Strong prevailing winds and waves curve the end of spit. The sheltered area behind the spit is protected from the waves allowing plants to grow as material builds up there. Over time sheltered area can become salt marsh.

Answer 7

In upper course of a river, fast-flowing water following heavy rain and high turbulence causes loose particles to be transported by the river and scraped along the river bed. Causing downwards erosion of the river channel by abrasion. The valley sides are exposed to weathering. So the weathered material that falls down the valley causes further erosion by abrasion. The river doesn't have enough energy to erode sideways so vertical erosion is dominant and deepens the valley to a V.

Answer 8

Forms when a river flows over an area of hard rock followed by soft rock. The softer rock erodes more and as the water goes over it, it erodes more. A steep drop is created. The hard rock is eventually undercut by erosion and becomes unsupported. Then collapses. Collapsed rocks drop at the foot of the waterfall where they erode softer rock by abrasion creating a plunge pool. Over time more undercutting causes more collapses. The waterfall will retreat (move back up the channel) leaving behind a steep-sided gorge.

Answer 9

The current flows faster on the outside bend because the river channel is deeper. So more erosion takes place on the outside bend forming river cliffs. The current flows slower on the inside bend because the river channel is shallower. So eroded material is deposited on the inside forming slip-off slopes.

Answer 10

It is the wide valley floor on either side of a river that occasionally gets flooded. When a river floods into the floodplain, the water slows down and deposits the eroded material that it's transporting. This builds up the floodplain making it higher.

Answer 11

Erosion causes the outside bends to get closer. There is a small bit of land left between the bends which the river breaks through eventually. River flows along the shortest course and deposition eventually cuts off meander.

Answer 12

Natural embankments along the edges of a river channel. During a flood eroded material is deposited over the floodplain. Heaviest material deposited closes to the river channel because it gets dropped first when the river slows down. Over time, deposited material builds up creating levees.

Distinctive Landscapes Flashcards

(36 cards)