distinctive landscapes

Question 1

What are the 3 types of weathering

Answer 1

mechanical,chemical and biological

Question 2

What is mechanical weathering?

Answer 2

the chemical composition of rocks while breaking them down physically

Question 3

How does chemical weathering occur?

Answer 3

a change in the chemical composition of rocks

Question 4

What is biological weathering?

Answer 4

when living organisms break down rocks

Question 5

What causes mass movements?

Answer 5

a combination of weathering, erosion, and gravity.

Question 6

What is a rockfall?

Answer 6

the abrupt crumbling and falling of materials from a cliff face.

Question 7

What is a slide in terms of mass movements?

Answer 7

when materials move down a slope in a straight line, often due to gravitational forces.

Question 8

describe a slump in mass movements?

Answer 8

when materials move down a slope in a curved manner

Question 9

What is erosion, and what natural forces contribute to it?

Answer 9

gradual wearing away of rock by natural forces such as waves or wind

Question 10

What are the types of erosion that affect coastlines?

Answer 10

hydraulic action, solution, abrasion, and attrition.

Question 11

What is hydraulic action in erosion?

Answer 11

when the force of waves crashes against a cliff face, causing pieces of rock to break off due to the impact.

Question 12

How does solution contribute to erosion?

Answer 12

when weak acids in seawater dissolve soluble rocks like chalk and limestone, gradually wearing them away.

Question 13

What is abrasion in the context of erosion?

Answer 13

waves pick up pieces of material and forcefully scrape or hit them against the sea bed or the side of a cliff.

Question 14

What is attrition, and how does it contribute to erosion?

Answer 14

different pieces of material carried by waves collide with each other.

Question 15

What are the main ways water transports sediment according to the Processes of Transportation?

Answer 15

through solution, suspension, saltation, and traction.

Question 16

What is solution transportation in terms of sediment?

Answer 16

when water dissolves soluble rocks like limestone or chalk, carrying them within the water.

Question 17

Describe suspension transportation of sediment.

Answer 17

silt, sand, or other materials being held in water without dissolving.

Question 18

What is saltation in terms of sediment transportation?

Answer 18

small sand and gravel particles bounce along the riverbed or seabed in the direction of the water flow.

Question 19

Explain traction as a mode of sediment transportation.

Answer 19

when large rocks or particles are dragged along the riverbed or seabed by the current.

Question 20

What is coastal deposition and why does it occur?

Answer 20

when sediment carried by the sea is deposited on the coastline, typically due to constructive waves breaking on the shore.

Question 21

How does erosion contribute to coastal deposition?

Answer 21

High erosion levels along the coast result in more rock and sand falling into the ocean, leading to increased deposition on nearby beaches.

Question 22

Why does river deposition occur?

Answer 22

when sediment carried by a river is deposited, particularly in the middle and lower courses under lower energy conditions

Question 23

What is soft rock, and what are headlands made of?

Answer 23

rock with numerous cracks and joints, while headlands are composed of resistant rocks with few weaknesses.

Question 24

How are caves formed in coastal erosion processes?

Answer 24

when cracks, joints, and weaknesses in rocks widen due to processes like hydraulic action, abrasion, or attrition, eventually creating large enough openings within the rock.

Question 25

Describe the formation of arches along coastlines.

Answer 25

Arches are formed when erosion from one side of a rock progresses through to the other, resulting in the creation of an opening that extends through the rock, forming an arch.

Question 26

What are stacks, and how are they formed?

Answer 26

Stacks are columns of rock left behind when the top of an arch collapses due to gravity after erosion.

Question 27

What is coastal deposition, and why does it occur?

Answer 27

when the sea deposits sediment carried by water at the coastline

Question 28

What factors contribute to increased deposition on coastlines?

Answer 28

Increased erosion on nearby coasts leads to more rock and sand falling into the ocean, thereby increasing deposition on nearby beaches

Question 29

Why do some beaches have sand while others have shingle?

Answer 29

Sandy beaches have smaller particles than shingle so they create wide beaches whereas shingle are larger particle so harder to transport