Distillation Flashcards
What may happen during chemical reactions?
Chemical reactions may not go to completion or may produce byproducts as well as the desired product.
This indicates that the product yield can be affected by various factors.
What is the purpose of purifying the crude product after reflux?
To remove any by-products and remaining reactants.
Purification is essential for obtaining the desired product in a usable form.
What is a common method used to separate a pure liquid from its impurities?
Distillation.
Distillation is widely used in laboratories and industries for purification.
List the apparatus needed for distillation.
- round-bottom or pear-shaped flask
- condenser
- rubber tubing
- heat source
- stand and clamp
- screw-cap adaptor
- receiver adaptor
- still head
- thermometer
Each piece of equipment plays a specific role in the distillation process.
How should the flask be positioned during distillation?
The flask is clamped by its neck.
Proper clamping ensures stability and safety during the heating process.
What shape is the still-head adaptor used in distillation?
T shaped.
The T shape facilitates connections to both the screw-cap adaptor and the condenser.
What should be done to the joints of the distillation apparatus?
Grease the joints.
Greasing helps in disassembling the apparatus easily after the experiment.
What does the second clamp support during distillation?
The receiver adaptor.
This arrangement provides stability to the condenser without needing to clamp it directly.
Where does water enter the condenser during the distillation process?
At the lowest point.
This ensures efficient cooling of the vapors.
What is the role of the flask in the distillation apparatus?
To collect the distillate.
This prevents the apparatus from being completely airtight.
What occurs when the mixture in the flask is heated during distillation?
The mixture will start to boil.
Boiling initiates the separation of components based on volatility.
What determines the order in which liquids boil during distillation?
The boiling points of the liquids.
The liquid with the lowest boiling point is the most volatile and will boil first.
What happens to the vapors as they move through the distillation apparatus?
They leave behind the less volatile components of the mixture.
This is a key principle of distillation, allowing for separation of desired products.
What happens when vapors reach the cold condenser?
They condense and become a liquid.
This process is crucial for collecting the purified distillate.
Fill in the blank: The liquid that drips into the collecting flask during distillation is called the _______.
distillate.
The distillate is the purified liquid product obtained from distillation.
