Disteibutive Justice Flashcards
Many criminal issues stem directly from ______ factors
Socioeconomic
What are theories of distributive Justice
Egalitarianism, “Meritalism”, liberalism, utilitarianism, libertarianism
Each member of society should get equal shares of the burdens and benefits
Egalitarianism
What are two pros of egalitarianism
- embraces that all people are created equal
- earnings are 100% correlated to work
What are the cons of egalitarianism
- personal strengths and weaknesses are not considered
- how do we compare different jobs
- punishment for not working instead of incentives to work
- population is constantly changing
Each member of society should be rewarded in proportion for his or her contribution to society
Meritalism
What are the pros to meritalism
- creates incentive to work
- earnings are 100% correlated to work
What are the cons to meritalism
- no way to define production or contribution
- how do we measure contribution once it is defined
- what is lack of contribution is not ones fault
Who is the most notable proponent to liberalism
John Rawls
What is maximizing the worst possible outcome
The maximin strategy
What is inequalities are ok if it benefits all
Difference principle
Justice as fairness
Liberalism
What are the pros of liberalism
- provides a realistic framework for Justice
- creates empathy for those in disadvantage positions
What are the cons of liberalism
- would people really choose maximin or would they gamble
- is it about wealth of opportunity
Who are the two proponents of utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart mill
Actions are right if they promote collective happiness but wrong if they do not promote collective happiness
Utilitarianism
Happiness is…
Pleasure in the absence of pain
Unhappiness is…
Pain and the absence of pleasure
What are the pros of utilitarianism
- concerned with the whole instead of the individual
- cares about happiness and not just money or goods
What are the cons of utilitarianism
- peop desire their own happiness not the happiness of others
- isn’t it wrong to harm on for the benefit of all
What is also known as the entitlement theory
Libertarianism
It is always unjust to interfere with the liberty of an individual
Libertarianism
What are the three principles of justice
Transfer, acquisition, and rectification
Items that are freely acquired from another are justly acquired
Transfer
Items that were previously unowned are justly acquired
Acquisition
Items that are acquire unjustly must be returned to the previous owner
Rectification
What are the pros of libertarianism
- establishes freedom to make own choices
- much simpler and realistic than others
What are the cons of libertarianism
- how do determine original acquisition
- should people be protected from themselves
The socially just allocation of goods in society
Distributive Justice
