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Living in Einstein's Universe > Distances and Periods of Time > Flashcards

Distances and Periods of Time Flashcards

1
Q

Earth-Moon distance

A

1 ls

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2
Q

Earth-Sun distance

A

500 ls

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3
Q

Sun-Proxima Centauri distance

A

4 ly

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4
Q

Sun - center of Milky Way distance

A

25 kly

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5
Q

Sun - Andromeda Galaxy

A

2.5 Mly

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6
Q

Sun - the observable universe distance

A

100 Gly

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7
Q

Speed of light

A

3*10^8 m/s

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8
Q

How big is the Earth?

A

R = 6400 km

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9
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.5 billion years

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10
Q

When did the dinosaurs become extinct?

A

65 million years ago

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11
Q

How long has homo sapiens been around?

A

2 - 3 * 10^5 years ago

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12
Q

Seen from the North Pole, how does the Earth rotate?

A

Counterclockwise

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13
Q

What causes the seasons on Earth?

A

Earth’s axial tilt relative to the ecliptic

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14
Q

When was there a consensus that the Earth goes around the Sun?

A

Copernicus(Heliocentrism), Galileo, Newton

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15
Q

When was there a consensus that the Earth is round?

A

Pythagoras(idea), known to Archimedes, Erastosthenes

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16
Q

How big is the Moon?

A

1740 km

17
Q

How many humans have walked the Moon?

A

12: Apollo 11-17 (without 13)

18
Q

How old is the Sun?

A

4.6 billion years

19
Q

How old is the Universe?

A

13.8 billion yers

20
Q

What is a black whole?

A

A gravitationally collapsed massive star, a region of space time where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape from it

21
Q

How big is a human cell?

A

10-100 micrometer

22
Q

What is the wavelength of visible light?

A

400-700 nm

23
Q

How big is an atom?

A

100 pm

24
Q

How big is an atomic nucleus?

A

1 -10 fentometers

25
Q

How many protons fit in 1 gram?

A

6 * 10^23

26
Q

How does a uranium atomic bomb work?

A

Fission of U235 nuclei -> neutron chain reaction

27
Q

When and where was the first atomic bomb made?

A

Los Alamos (Manhattan project, 1942-1946)

28
Q

Atomic bombs - when and where?

A

Trinity test - 1945 New Mexico
Hiroshima - 1945 Little Boy
Nagasaki - 1945 Fat Man

29
Q

Fundamental forces?

A

Gravitation, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear

30
Q

Why is the sky blue?

A

“Rayleigh scattering” of Sun light by molecukes in atmosphere: short wavelengths much more scattered

31
Q

What causes the tides?

A

Gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun plus rotation of Earth

32
Q

What causes a rainbow?

A

Reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets

Living in Einstein's Universe (2 decks)

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