Distances and Periods of Time

Question 1

Earth-Moon distance

Answer 1

1 ls

Question 2

Earth-Sun distance

Answer 2

500 ls

Question 3

Sun-Proxima Centauri distance

Answer 3

4 ly

Question 4

Sun - center of Milky Way distance

Answer 4

25 kly

Question 5

Sun - Andromeda Galaxy

Answer 5

2.5 Mly

Question 6

Sun - the observable universe distance

Answer 6

100 Gly

Question 7

Speed of light

Answer 7

3*10^8 m/s

Question 8

How big is the Earth?

Answer 8

R = 6400 km

Question 9

How old is the Earth?

Answer 9

4.5 billion years

Question 10

When did the dinosaurs become extinct?

Answer 10

65 million years ago

Question 11

How long has homo sapiens been around?

Answer 11

2 - 3 * 10^5 years ago

Question 12

Seen from the North Pole, how does the Earth rotate?

Answer 12

Counterclockwise

Question 13

What causes the seasons on Earth?

Answer 13

Earth’s axial tilt relative to the ecliptic

Question 14

When was there a consensus that the Earth goes around the Sun?

Answer 14

Copernicus(Heliocentrism), Galileo, Newton

Question 15

When was there a consensus that the Earth is round?

Answer 15

Pythagoras(idea), known to Archimedes, Erastosthenes

Question 16

How big is the Moon?

Answer 16

1740 km

Question 17

How many humans have walked the Moon?

Answer 17

12: Apollo 11-17 (without 13)

Question 18

How old is the Sun?

Answer 18

4.6 billion years

Question 19

How old is the Universe?

Answer 19

13.8 billion yers

Question 20

What is a black whole?

Answer 20

A gravitationally collapsed massive star, a region of space time where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape from it

Question 21

How big is a human cell?

Answer 21

10-100 micrometer

Question 22

What is the wavelength of visible light?

Answer 22

400-700 nm

Question 23

How big is an atom?

Answer 23

100 pm

Question 24

How big is an atomic nucleus?

Answer 24

1 -10 fentometers

Question 25

How many protons fit in 1 gram?

Answer 25

6 * 10^23

Question 26

How does a uranium atomic bomb work?

Answer 26

Fission of U235 nuclei -> neutron chain reaction

Question 27

When and where was the first atomic bomb made?

Answer 27

Los Alamos (Manhattan project, 1942-1946)

Question 28

Atomic bombs - when and where?

Answer 28

Trinity test - 1945 New Mexico Hiroshima - 1945 Little Boy Nagasaki - 1945 Fat Man

Question 29

Fundamental forces?

Answer 29

Gravitation, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, weak nuclear

Question 30

Why is the sky blue?

Answer 30

"Rayleigh scattering" of Sun light by molecukes in atmosphere: short wavelengths much more scattered

Question 31

What causes the tides?

Answer 31

Gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun plus rotation of Earth

Question 32

What causes a rainbow?

Answer 32

Reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets