DISTANCES Flashcards
Is the distance people prefer in interaction with others
Personal space
Is the study of distance between people in their interactions
Proxemics
Touching to 1½ feet
Intimate
1½ to 4 feet
Personal
4-12 feet
Social
12-15 feet
Public
Communication is characterized by body contact heightened sensation of body heat and smell and vocalization that are low
Intimate distance
Vision is intense is restricted to a small body part and may be distorted
Intimate distance
Is frequently used by nurses:
Examples: include cuddling a baby, touching the sightless client, positioning clients, observing an incision, and restraining a toddler for an injection
Intimate distance
In many instances the nurse can respect not come as close as a person’s ______
Intimate distance
In their therapeutic roles, nurses often are required to violate this personal space
Intimate distance
Is less overwhelming than intimate distance
Personal distance
Voice tones are moderate and body heat and smell are noticed less
Personal distance
Physical contacts such as a handshake or touching a shoulder is possible
Personal distance
More of the person is perceived at a __________ so that nonverbal behavior such as a body stance or full facial expressions are seen with less distortion
Personal distance
Much communication between nurses and clients occurs at this distance
Personal distance
Example to occur when nurses are sitting with a client, giving medication, or establishing an intravenous infusion
Personal distance
Communication at a close __________ can convey involvement by facilitating the sharing of thoughts and feelings
Personal distance
It can also create tension if the distance encroaches upon the others personal space. At the outer extreme of 4 ft, however, less involvement is conveyed
Personal distance
Bantering and some social conversations usually takes place at this distance
Personal distance
Is characterized by a clear visual perception of the whole person
Social distance
Body heat and odor are imperceptible eye contact is increased and vocalization are loud enough to be overheard by others
Social distance
Communication is therefore more formal and as limited to seeing and hearing
Social distance
The person is protected and out of reach for touch or personal sharing of thoughts or feelings
Social distance
Allows more activity and movement back and forth
Social distance
It is expedient in communicating with several people at the same time or within a short time
Social distance
Examples occur when nurses make rounds or wave a greeting to someone
Social distance
Is important in accomplishing the business of the day
Social distance
It is frequently misused
Social distance
Requires loud clear vocalization with careful enunciation
Public distance
Although the faces and forms of people are seen at ______ individuality is lost
Public distance
The perception is of the group of people or the community
Public distance
Promotes understanding and can help establish a constructive relationship between the nurse and the client
Therapeutic communication
Unlike the social relationship where they may not be a specific purpose or direction that therapeutic helping relationship is client and goal directed
Therapeutic communication
Accepting pauses or silences that may extend for several seconds or minutes without interjecting any verbal response
Using silence
Using statements or question that encourage the client to verbalize, choose a topic of conversation, and facilitate continued verbalization
Providing general leads
Making statements that are specific rather than general and tentative rather than absolute
Being specific and tentative
Asking broad questions that lead or invite the client to explore thoughts or feelings
Using open ended questions
Specify only the topic to be discussed and invite answers that are longer than one or two words
Using open ended questions
Providing appropriate forms of touch to reinforce caring feelings
Using touch
Because tactile contacts very considerably among individuals families and cultures the nurse must be sensitive to the differences in attitude and practices of clients and self
Using touch
Actively listening for the client’s basic message and then repeating those thoughts and or feeling in similar words
Restating or paraphrasing
This conveys that a nurse has listened and understood the client’s basic message and also offers clients a clearer idea of what they have said
Restating or paraphrasing
A method of making the client’s broad overall meaning of the message more understandable
Seeking clarification
It is used when paraphrasing is difficult or when the communication is rumbling or garbled
Seeking clarification
The nurse can restate the best message or confess confusion and ask client to repeat or restate the message
Seeking clarification
Nurses can also clarify their own message with statements
Seeking clarification
A method similar to clarifying that verifies the meaning of specific words rather than the overall meaning of a message
Perception checking or seeking consensual validation
Suggesting one’s presence interest or wish to understand the client without making any demands or attaching conditions that a client must comply with to receive the nurses attention
Offering self
Providing in a simple and direct manner specific factual information the client may or may not request
Giving information
When information is not known the nurse states this and indicates who has it or when the nurse will obtain it
Giving information
Helping the client clarify an event situation or happening in relationship to time
Clarifying time or sequence
Giving recognition in a non-judgmental way of a change in behavior an effort the client has made or a contribution to a communication
Acknowledging
Maybe with or without understanding verbal or nonverbal
Acknowledging
Helping the client to differentiate the real from unreal
Presenting reality
Helping the client expand on and develop a topic of importance
Focusing
It is important for the nurse to wait until the client finishes stating the main concerns before attempting to _____
Focusing
Maybe an idea or a feeling however the nurse often emphasizes a feeling to help the client recognize an emotion disguised behind words
Focusing
Directing ideas feelings questions or content of back to clients to enable them to explore their own ideas and feelings about a situation
Reflecting
Stating the main points of a discussion to clarify the relevant points discussed
Summarizing and planning
This technique is useful at the end of an interview or to review a health teaching session
Summarizing and planning
It often acts as an introduction to future care planning
Summarizing and planning
