Distal Forelimb Flashcards
M. brachioradialis
Just about 33% of the dogs have it*
o Origin: lateral supracondylar crest, above m. ext. carpi radialis
o Insertion: distally and medially on radius
o Action: supinates forearm and forefoot (rotates arm laterally)
M. extensor carpi radialis
o Origin: lateral epicondylar (supracondylar) crest of humerus
o Insertion: Mc. II-III. (dorsal surface of metacarpals’ bases)
o Action: strongest extensor of carpal joint
M. extensor digitorum communis
o Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
o Insertion: proc. extensorius of distal phalanx of
digits II-V.
o Action: extends carpus and joints of digits II-V.
M. extensor digitorum lateralis
o Origin: lateral humeral epicondyle, lig. collaterale laterale
o Insertion: goes to digits III-V., at the level of first digit it unites with tendons from common digital extensor and interosseous muscles, inserts on distal phalanx (proc. ext.)
o Action: extends carpus and joints of digits III-V.
M. extensor carpi ulnaris
o Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral ligament
o Insertion: lateral aspect of Mc. V. base, and also attaches with a short and strong tendon to accessory carpal bone
o Action: supports carpus when extended to bear
weight, also helps in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of carpal joint since its attachment to os carpi accessorium
M. abductor digiti I. [pollicis] longus
o Origin: adjacent lateral surface of radius and ulna, and from interosseous membrane
o Insertion: Mc. I. base (medially)
o Action: extends and abducts digit I
M. abductor digiti I. [pollicis] longus
M. extensor carpi radialis
M. extensor digiti I. et II. [pollicis et indicis]
o Origin: middle third of ulna (laterally) (adjacent to m. abductor digiti I. longus)
o Insertion: pollicis: head of Mc. I., indicis: unites with
common digital extensor, thus together are inserting on distal phalanx of digit II.
o Action: extends digits I-II., indicis adducts dew claw (which
is not in contact with the ground)
M. extensor digitorum communis
M. extensor digitorum lateralis
M. extensor carpi ulnaris
M. supinator
o Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament
o Insertion: cranial surface on proximal part of radius
o Action: supinates forearm and forefoot (rotates
arm laterally)
M. pronator teres
o Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
o Insertion: craniomedial surface of radius’ upper
part
o Action: pronates forearm (rotates arm medially)
M. pronator quadratus
o Origin and insertion: connects apposed surfaces of radius and ulna, fills interosseous space (medially)
o Action: pronates forearm (rotates arm medially)
M. flexor carpi radialis
o Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, behind collateral lig.
o Insertion: Mc. II-III. (palmar surface of metacarpals’ bases)
o Action: flexes carpus
M. flexor digitorum superficialis
o Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
o Insertion: middle phalanx of digits II-V. (palmar
surface)
o Action: flexes carpus and affected joints of digits II-V.
M. extensor carpi ulnaris
M. flexor carpi ulnaris
o Origin: its caput humerale starts medial epicondyle of humerus, caput ulnare from proximal end of ulna (humeral head is muscular, ulnar head is thinner and more tendinous)
o Insertion: accessory carpal bone
o Action: flexes
carpus
Manica flexoria
M. flexor carpi radialis
M. pronator quadratus
M. extensor carpi ulnaris
M. flexor digitorum profundus
o Origin: caput humerale from medial epicondyle of humerus, caput radiale proximo-medially from radius,
and caput ulnare proximo-caudally from ulna
o Insertion: distal phalanx of digits I-V.
(palmar surface, on the last phalanges’ flexor tubercle)
o Action: flexes carpus and joints of digits I-V.
M. pronator teres
M. flexor digitorum superficialis
M. flexor carpi ulnaris
caput humerale & caput ulnare
