Dissociative Identity Disorders Flashcards
What are dissociative disorders (DSM-5) characterized by?
Characterized by disruptions of consciousness, memory, and identity
What is dissociative amnesia?
memory loss following a stressful experience
What is depersonalization/ derealization disorder?
Altered experience of the self
What is dissociative Identity disorder?
at least two different (alternative) ego states (alters)
What is the diagnostic criteria of dissociative amnesia?
A. an inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually traumatic or stressful nature that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
B. The symptoms cause clinically significant impairment
C. the disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or a neurological medical condition
D. The disturbance is not better explained by a different mental disorder
What are the specifiers for dissociative amnesia?
With Dissociative fugue:
- Apparently purposeful travel or bewildered wandering that is associated with amnesia for identity or for tother important autobiographical information
What is the diagnostic criteria for Depersonalization / Derealization disorder?
A. The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization or both:
1. Depersonalization: Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time etc.)
2. Derealization: Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings (e.g., individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted)
B. During the depersonalization or derealization experiences, reality testing remains intact
C, D and E are the same as all other diagnoses
What is the diagnostic criteria for Dissociative identity disorder?
A. Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency, accompanied by related alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory motor functioning. These signs and symptoms may be observed by others or reported by the individual
B. Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.
C, D, E the same
What is the etiology of DID from a psychoanalytic perspective?
Dissociation as an avoidance response that protects the person from memories of traumatic experiences
What are the two major theories regarding the etiology of DID?
- Trauma model of dissociation is a result of severe physical or sexual abuse.
- Fantasy model of dissociation. Individuals with DID are prone to engage in fantasy.
- Research suggests empirical support for trauma model not for fantasy model.
