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Russia > Dissent And Revolution, 1917 > Flashcards

Dissent And Revolution, 1917 Flashcards

1
Q

1905

A

Jan - Bloody Sunday
Oct - October manifesto

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2
Q

1906

A

State duma formed

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3
Q

1906-11

A

Stolypin head of the tsars government

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4
Q

1907 - political repression

A

Head of Russian police instituted a policy of surveillance and subversion

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5
Q

1914

A

Aug - Battle of Tannenburg - 300,00 dead
Sept - defeat at teh masuian lakes

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6
Q

1915

A

Munition crisis - only could use 3 artillery shells a day
June - All Russian Union of Zemstva and Cities formed
Aug - ‘progressive bloc’ - demanded tsar change his ministers and responsibility for war effort to be handed to a civilian govn.
Sept 1915 - tsar took on role of commander in chief of Russia’s armed forces

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7
Q

1916

A

Dec - Rasputin murdered by Prince Yusupov

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8
Q

1917- economic and social state of Russia

A

Jan - 30,000 workers on strike in Moscow and 145,00 went on strike in Petrograd

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9
Q

Jan 1917

A

Demonstration by 150,000 Petrograd workers on anniversary of Bloody Sunday

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10
Q

Feb/march revolution - 14th feb

A

100,000 workers from 58 factories strike in Petrograd. News that bread would be rationed from 1st march brought long queues and riots. Police attacked as they struggled to keep order.

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11
Q

Feb/march rev - 22nd Feb

A

20,000 workers locked out of Putilov steel works by mangers after pay tolls collapsed. Workers from other factories went on strike to support

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12
Q

Feb/march rev - 23rd Feb

A

International womens day - 90,000 workers on strike and 50 factories close. Striking workers joined traditional march for international womens day. Militant students and women from the bread queues also joined the march. City in chaos - 240,000 on streets. Order only restored by desperate police force in early evening although no loss of life.

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13
Q

Feb/march rev - 24th Feb

A

20,000 workers on strike and crowds overturned tsarist statues, waved red flags, wore red rosettes, shouted revolutionary slogans calling for end to tsardom. No obvious organisation from any of the radical political parties but some radicals had emblems and bannners bearing political demands.

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14
Q

Feb/march revolution - 25th Feb

A

250,000 people = over half of capitals workforce were on strike and Petrograd was at a virtual standstill. Almost all major factories and shops closed and no newspapers or public transport. Violence escalated when shalfeev in charge of mounted police was dragged from his horse and shot. Civilians shot by soldiers on the Nevskii prospekt but later on in same day some Cossacks refused to attack a procession of strikes when ordered to.

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15
Q

Feb/march revolution - 26th Feb

A

Duma president, rodizanko sent the tsar a telegram warning him of the serious situation in Petrograd. Nicholas ignored the warning and told the duma to dissolve the next day.

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16
Q

Feb/march revolution - 27th Feb

A

Tsar ordered Khabalov commander of the Petrograd military district to restore order by military force. Around 40 demonstrators in the city were killed. Mutiny began in the volynskii regiment where a seargent shot his commanding officer dead. 66000 soldiers mutinied and joined protestors arming them with 40,000 riffles. Police headquarters attacked and prisons opened. Duma set up a meeting despite tsars orders and set up a 12 man provisional commiteee to take over government. They were supported by armies high command. Same evening revolutionaries set up a soviet which also intended to take over govn it began to organise food and supplies for the city.

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17
Q

Feb/march revolution - 28th Feb

A

Nicholas started to make his way back to Petrograd and sent a telegram to rodizanko offering to share power with the Duma. Leader replied ‘the measures you propose are too late. The time for them has gone. There is no return’.

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18
Q

Order no 1

A

On the 1st of march 1917 - a charter of soldiers rights and promised all units to elect a deputy to the soviet and agree to the political control of the Petrograd soviet
Workers and soldiers should obey the PG but only when soviet agrees with PGs decisions

By 10th march petorgard soviet 3000 members

19
Q

2nd march 1917

A

The tsars abdication
Provisional government set up

20
Q

PG policies April 1917

A

Freedom of religion, the press, abolished the death penalty at the front, replaced the tsarist police force with the people’s militia and dismissed provincial governors giving their work to the elected zemstva

Milykov announced that the government would continue fighting until a ‘just peace had been won - unleashed a storm of protest forcing milykov and guchkov to resign under popular pressure led by PS in may - replaced by socialists Chernobyl and keresnky

21
Q

July 1917

A

Lvov was replaced as chairman by kerensky

22
Q

When did Lenin return to Russia

A

3 April 1917 on a sealed train that travelled through Germany to get to Russia

23
Q

When was the April theses published

A

7 April 1917
‘Peace, bread and land’
‘All power to the soviets’

24
Q

Lenin’s role as leader - didn’t have widespread support because …

A

On 3rd June the Petrograd soviet did a vote of confidence in the provisional government by 543 votes to 126.

25
Q

When were the July days

A

July 1917

26
Q

When was the kornilov coup

A

August 1917

27
Q

What power did the Bolsheviks have by autumn 1917

A

September - Bolsheviks had majorities in both Petrograd and Moscow soviets
Sept 26th - Trotsky was made chairman of the executive committee of the Petrograd soviet
Bolsheviks increased in membership - 23,000 in Feb 1917 to 200,000 by beginning of oct

28
Q

When did Lenin harangue the central committee

A

10th Oct 1917

29
Q

When did Trotsky and dzerzhinksy est the military revolutionary committee

A

16th Oct 1917 - controlled 200,000 red guard, 60,000 Baltic sailors and 150,000 soldiers from remaining Petrograd garrison units
15/18 Petrograd garrison units pledged allegeince to the MRC and not the PG

30
Q

Kerensky attempt to reduce power of MRC

A

23rd Oct he sent troops to cut off a Bolshevik area of the city from the centre and ordered two Bolshevik newspapers to close down. The Bolsheviks used this as an excuse to act

31
Q

Oct/nov revolution - 24th Oct

A

The red guards, supported by soldiers and sailors from Kronstadt captured key positions in Petrograd

32
Q

Oct/nov rev - 25th of Oct

A

After a shot from the battleship aurora to signal the attack, the red guard entered the winter palace
The second congress of soviets meets some of the Mensheviks and right wing SRs protest about the Bolsheviks seizure of power

33
Q

Oct/nov rev - 26th Oct

A

All remaining members of the PG were arrested
The congress votes to take power into their own hands
The congress agrees unanimously to Lenin’s decree on peace

34
Q

Oct/nov rev - 27th Oct

A

The congress agrees to Lenin’s decree on land
A central executive committee is set up with the majority of members being Bolsheviks or left wing SRs
Sovnarkom is set up to run the government with Lenin as chairman

35
Q

Sovnarkom Nov 1917

A

Lenin begrudgingly allowed 7 left wing SRs to join

36
Q

29th Oct

A

The red guard put down an army cadet rising up against the Bolsheviks

37
Q

31st of October

A

Bolsheviks get control of Baku and 17 provincial capitals

38
Q

2nd Nov

A

Kerensky opposition forces are defeated

39
Q

3 Nov

A

Bolsheviks gain control of Moscow after a ten day battle
Kamenev, Zinoviev and radek leave the Bolshevik party after Lenin makes and ultimatum about Divsions within it

40
Q

5 Nov

A

Lenin announces the revolution has succeeded

41
Q

Bolshevik control by end of 1917

A

Dominate over large towns and cities and control railway. But large areas of countryside still not under their control

42
Q

Lenin’s decrees made between Bolshevik seizure of power and dec 1917

A

Decree on peace - promised an end to the war and an armistice followed in Nov
Decree for the est of the Cheka - created a secret police force called the Cheka to root out opposition
Decree on land - abolished private ownership of land, legalised peasant seizure of land from landlords and reduced peasant support for SRs
Decrees on workers rights - decree on workers = limited working day to 8 hours, decree on social insurance = old-age, health and unemployment benefits, decree on workers control of factories = workers were allowed to ‘supervise’ mangers
Social decrees - press decree = banned the opposition press, judicial decree - est peoples courts, decree to outlaw sex discrimination = gave women equal rights, decree on church = removed marriage and divorce from church control

43
Q

When was the veshenka set up

A

Dec 1917 and it was the supreme soviet for national economy. Answerable to the Sovnarkom and responsible for gaining state control of economy, starting with state banks,

Russia (2 decks)

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