Dissection: Lower Limb Flashcards
what area is the leg?
between the knee and foot
palpable landmarks
posterior thigh: all arise on the pelvis and enter on the femur/leg
anatomical position of the pelvis
pelvis is like mickey mouse ears looking at you
gluteal muscle ligaments
these are anti-gravity muscles
gluteal muscles are attached to these ligaments (which act as anchors)
deep fascia and fascia lata
the lower limb is wrapped in deep fascia
iliotibial tract - connects ilium to tibia
superficial gluteal muscles and their function
(ignore deep muscles)
gluteus maximis: origin, insertation, innervation, function
main job: attached to iliotibial tract to act on the leg
gluteus maximus attachment characteristics
iliotibial track: function, innervation
like if you touch your toes and then need to get back up –> this is the gluteus maximus
gluteus medius & minimus: origin, insertion, function, innervation
these attach to the ilium and land on the top of the femur (greater trochanter)
these are anti-gravity muscles
**tensor fascia lata is innervated by the same nerve
just a visualization
map showing gluteal muscles function
overall gluteal muscle function
rotating trunk on balls of feet (like twisting)
weak lateral rotators irrelevant
3 bursa present in gluteal region; friction bursitis
friction bursitis - from reptitive motion
bursa keeps area lubricated
piriformis: landmark!
this is a landmark; fxn doesn’t matter
major arteries to the gluteal region
Above the piriformis are major arteries: superior gluteal artery (supplies gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata)
below the piriformis: inferior gluteal artery (supplies gluteus maximus, hip joint)
major nerves to the gluteal region
superior gluteal nerve: medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata
inferior gluteal nerve: gluteus maximus
sciatic nerve is biggest nerve in body (below the piriformis and becomes tibial and common fibular nerve)
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: in the skin of the posterior thigh
just a pic of gluteal nerves
injuryies to the superior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius and minimus help to keep the pelvis level
injuries to the sciatic nerve
anesthetic block of the sciatic nerve
posterior thigh muscles: insertion, origin, innervation, function
these attach the hip to the leg
hamstring strain
semitendinosus goes all the way from the front of the knee
biceps femoris is the lateral hamstring
actions & attachments of hamstrings
tendons are long and muscle bellies are short, so there isn’t enough contraction length to do both at the same time
arteries to the posterior thigh
main artery is on the anterior side & there are branches to the posterior side
if there was occlusion of the femoral artery, there is still collateral blood supply that can get to the lower limb
topology of the deep femoral artery
the branches punch thru the adductor magnus muscle
anastomoses btwn internal and external iliac arteries (this is a repeat slide)
sciatic nerve: made up of what?
the sciatic nerve is two nerves wrapped in the same area
cutaneous nerves of the gluteal and posterior thigh
sacral plexus nerves (only look at msucle we’ve mentioned) aka top part
surface anatomy of anterior thigh
surface anatomy of the two saphenous cutaneous veins
great saphenous vein - drains medial leg to the saphenous opening (a hole in the deep fascia lata)
popliteal vein is at the back of the knee
anterior deep fascia of the thigh
two important muscles in anterior thigh
quads arise on femur and act thru patella on leg
iliopsoas: attachments, function, innervation
psoas goes to the 12th rib
psoas and iliacus form a common tendon and insert on the lesser trochanter
shortening fibers (contraction) causing advancement of limb in normal walking on level ground
quadriceps femoris: attachments, function
***rectus crosses two joints
quadriceps femoris function
striaghtens leg (Extension of the leg at the knee)
pectineus and sartorius (pectineus doesn’t really matter; sartorius is a good landmark)
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
serves the quad muscles
saphenous nerve goes alongside the great saphenous vein
femoral cutaneous branches
femoral artery branches
blood supply to the head of the femur and the hip joint
deep femoral artery forms the circumflexes which go around the head of the femur
bursa at the insertion of quadriceps femoris
bursa keep this area lubricated
quadriceps tendon bursitis
usually in suprapatellar pouch
if you’re doing repetitive motions, the bursa help prevent friction injuries
psoas abscess: clinical symptoms
clinical s/s related to anterior thigh musculature
abnormal ossification of the patella: can cause shortened limbs
femoral triangle (fictious spance): boundaries and contents
femoral triangle: roof of the anterior wall
this is a potential space where herniation can occur; saphenous isn’t a true opening
femoral sheath is a “pouch” that contains:
the nerve does not lie in the sheath
maybe ignore?
inguinal ligament is on the lower edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique
clinical consideration of the femoral triangle
femoral hernia
medial thigh anatomy
attachments of thigh adductors & innervation
used for riding horses; birnging this to the midline
**focus on the main three muscles
adductor longus: origin, insertion, function, innervation
adductor brevis: origin, insertion, function, innervation
this moves from the front of hip joint to back behind the femur
adductor magnus (adductor portion): origin, insertion, function, innervation
adductor magnus (hamstring portion: origin, insertion, function, innervation
pic of the major medial thigh muscle attachments (all attachments are on the psoterior surface of the femoral shaft - even though they arise on the anterior aspect of pubis)
gracilis & obturator externus (not as important)
obturator artery
arteries
obturator nerve: what does it innervate? branches?
function of medial thigh muscles
used for keeping legs straight when walking
“pulled groin” cause, muscles involved
‘pes anserinus’ bursitis
proprioception in these muscles let you know where your hip is in relation to the foot
common clinical anatomy problems affecting the gluteal and thigh regions
