Dissection 1 - Femoral Triangle, Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

Inguinal ligament

Question 2

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

Lateral border of the adductor longus

Question 3

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

Medial border of the sartorius

Question 4

What 2 structures make up the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Iliopsoas and pectineus

Question 5

What structure makes up the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 5

Deep fascia/fascia lata

Question 6

What are the contents of the femoral triangle, from lateral to medial?

Answer 6

NAVY:
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics

Question 7

Which structures are enveloped in the femoral sheath?

Answer 7

Femoral artery and vein

Question 8

From which artery does the femoral continue from?

Answer 8

External iliac

Question 9

Where does the femoral artery cross the inguinal ligament?

Answer 9

Halfway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

Question 10

Give 3 reasons why the femoral artery may need accessed

Answer 10

Angiography
Coronary artery stenting
Aortic and mitral valve replacements
Aortic aneurysm repair
Contralateral femoral artery stenting
Contralateral uterine artery embolisation

Question 11

What is the major deep branch of the femoral artery?

Answer 11

Profunda femoris

Question 12

Which two arteries arise from the profunda femoris? What do they supply?

Answer 12

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - supply the neck of the femur

Question 13

Which nerve branches from the femoral nerve to supply the anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and medial aspect of the foot?

Answer 13

Saphenous

Question 14

Where, in relation to the inguinal ligament, do femoral hernias push into the femoral canal?

Answer 14

From deep to the ligament

Question 15

Lymph following the great saphenous vein drains to where?

Answer 15

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 16

Where are superficial inguinal lymph nodes located?

Answer 16

In the superficial fascia around the great saphenous vein

Question 17

Which 2 sets of lymph nodes do superficial inguinal nodes drain to?

Answer 17

Mainly external iliac nodes but some to the deep inguinal nodes

Question 18

Lymph following the small saphenous vein drains to where?

Answer 18

Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 19

Where are popliteal lymph nodes located?

Answer 19

In the popliteal fossa

Question 20

Which set of lymph nodes do popliteal nodes drain to?

Answer 20

Deep inguinal nodes

Question 21

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

Answer 21

Fascia lata

Question 22

Where do deep inguinal nodes drain to?

Answer 22

External iliac nodes

Question 23

What is the vertebral level of the femoral nerve?

Answer 23

L2,3,4

Question 24

Where are external iliac nodes located?

Answer 24

Along the external iliac vein

Question 25

What are the 4 flexor muscles of the thigh?

Answer 25

Iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus (technically in the medial compartment), rectus femoris

Question 26

What are the 4 extensor muscles of the leg?

Answer 26

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medius

Question 27

What do the muscles of the anterior compartment generally do (2 actions)?

Answer 27

Flex the thigh | Extend the leg

Question 28

Which nerve supplies all muscles in the anterior compartment, except the psoas major?

Answer 28

Femoral nerve

Question 29

What muscle is known as the tailor's muscle?

Answer 29

Sartorius (as used to cross legs - tailor's often sit with their legs crossed)

Question 30

What is the name given to the 3 vastus muscle and rectus femoris?

Answer 30

Quadriceps femoris

Question 31

What are the proximal attachments of the iliopsoas?

Answer 31

Iliac fossa and lumbar transverse processes (psoas major)

Question 32

What is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas?

Answer 32

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 33

What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius?

Answer 33

ASIS

Question 34

What is the distal attachment of the sartorius?

Answer 34

Medial surface of the proximal tibia

Question 35

What is the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris?

Answer 35

ASIS

Question 36

What is the distal attachment of the rectus femoris (and via which tendons)?

Answer 36

Patella (via quadriceps tendon) then the tibial tuberosity (via the patellar tendon)

Question 37

What is the proximal attachment of the 3 vastus muscles?

Answer 37

Shaft of the femur

Question 38

What is the distal attachment of the 3 vastsu muscles (and via which tendons)?

Answer 38

Patella (via quadriceps tendon) then the tibial tuberosity (via the patellar tendon)

Question 39

The 'knee jerk' reflex tests which muscles?

Answer 39

Quadriceps

Question 40

Fractures of the mid-shaft of the femur are common - which artery is at risk of damage?

Answer 40

Profunda femoris

Question 41

What is the main function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 41

Adductors of the thigh

Question 42

What are the 5 muscles found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 42

``` Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus ```

Question 43

Which nerve supplies all the muscles in the medial compartment?

Answer 43

Obturator nerve

Question 44

What is the spinal level of the obturator nerve?

Answer 44

L2-4

Question 45

Which is the most medial muscle in the medial compartment?

Answer 45

Gracilis

Question 46

Which is the only muscle to cross the knee joint and the hip joint?

Answer 46

Gracilis

Question 47

What is the anatomical relationship between the adductor brevis and the adductor longus?

Answer 47

Brevis is superior

Question 48

Where do the adductors brevis and longus lie in relation to the magnus?

Answer 48

Anterior to the magnus

Question 49

What are the two parts of the adductor magnus?

Answer 49

Adductor | Hamstring

Question 50

Where do the oburator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment?

Answer 50

Obturator foramen

Question 51

Where does the obturator nerve divide into the anterior and posterior branches?

Answer 51

Upper border of the adductor brevis

Question 52

Where is the anterior branch of the obturator nerve found?

Answer 52

Between the adductor longus and adductor brevis