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MSK Dissections > Dissection 1 - Femoral Triangle, Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Dissection 1 - Femoral Triangle, Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

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2
Q

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral border of the adductor longus

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3
Q

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial border of the sartorius

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4
Q

What 2 structures make up the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas and pectineus

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5
Q

What structure makes up the roof of the femoral triangle?

A

Deep fascia/fascia lata

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6
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle, from lateral to medial?

A 
NAVY:
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatics
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7
Q

Which structures are enveloped in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery and vein

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8
Q

From which artery does the femoral continue from?

A

External iliac

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9
Q

Where does the femoral artery cross the inguinal ligament?

A

Halfway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis

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10
Q

Give 3 reasons why the femoral artery may need accessed

A 
Angiography
Coronary artery stenting
Aortic and mitral valve replacements
Aortic aneurysm repair
Contralateral femoral artery stenting
Contralateral uterine artery embolisation
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11
Q

What is the major deep branch of the femoral artery?

A

Profunda femoris

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12
Q

Which two arteries arise from the profunda femoris? What do they supply?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - supply the neck of the femur

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13
Q

Which nerve branches from the femoral nerve to supply the anteromedial aspects of the knee and leg and medial aspect of the foot?

A

Saphenous

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14
Q

Where, in relation to the inguinal ligament, do femoral hernias push into the femoral canal?

A

From deep to the ligament

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15
Q

Lymph following the great saphenous vein drains to where?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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16
Q

Where are superficial inguinal lymph nodes located?

A

In the superficial fascia around the great saphenous vein

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17
Q

Which 2 sets of lymph nodes do superficial inguinal nodes drain to?

A

Mainly external iliac nodes but some to the deep inguinal nodes

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18
Q

Lymph following the small saphenous vein drains to where?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

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19
Q

Where are popliteal lymph nodes located?

A

In the popliteal fossa

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20
Q

Which set of lymph nodes do popliteal nodes drain to?

A

Deep inguinal nodes

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21
Q

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

A

Fascia lata

22
Q

Where do deep inguinal nodes drain to?

A

External iliac nodes

23
Q

What is the vertebral level of the femoral nerve?

A

L2,3,4

24
Q

Where are external iliac nodes located?

A

Along the external iliac vein

25
Q

What are the 4 flexor muscles of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas, sartorius, pectineus (technically in the medial compartment), rectus femoris

26
Q

What are the 4 extensor muscles of the leg?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medius

27
Q

What do the muscles of the anterior compartment generally do (2 actions)?

A

Flex the thigh

Extend the leg

28
Q

Which nerve supplies all muscles in the anterior compartment, except the psoas major?

A

Femoral nerve

29
Q

What muscle is known as the tailor’s muscle?

A

Sartorius (as used to cross legs - tailor’s often sit with their legs crossed)

30
Q

What is the name given to the 3 vastus muscle and rectus femoris?

A

Quadriceps femoris

31
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the iliopsoas?

A

Iliac fossa and lumbar transverse processes (psoas major)

32
Q

What is the distal attachment of the iliopsoas?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

33
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the sartorius?

A

ASIS

34
Q

What is the distal attachment of the sartorius?

A

Medial surface of the proximal tibia

35
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris?

A

ASIS

36
Q

What is the distal attachment of the rectus femoris (and via which tendons)?

A

Patella (via quadriceps tendon) then the tibial tuberosity (via the patellar tendon)

37
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the 3 vastus muscles?

A

Shaft of the femur

38
Q

What is the distal attachment of the 3 vastsu muscles (and via which tendons)?

A

Patella (via quadriceps tendon) then the tibial tuberosity (via the patellar tendon)

39
Q

The ‘knee jerk’ reflex tests which muscles?

A

Quadriceps

40
Q

Fractures of the mid-shaft of the femur are common - which artery is at risk of damage?

A

Profunda femoris

41
Q

What is the main function of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductors of the thigh

42
Q

What are the 5 muscles found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
43
Q

Which nerve supplies all the muscles in the medial compartment?

A

Obturator nerve

44
Q

What is the spinal level of the obturator nerve?

A

L2-4

45
Q

Which is the most medial muscle in the medial compartment?

A

Gracilis

46
Q

Which is the only muscle to cross the knee joint and the hip joint?

A

Gracilis

47
Q

What is the anatomical relationship between the adductor brevis and the adductor longus?

A

Brevis is superior

48
Q

Where do the adductors brevis and longus lie in relation to the magnus?

A

Anterior to the magnus

49
Q

What are the two parts of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor

Hamstring

50
Q

Where do the oburator nerve, artery and vein enter the medial compartment?

A

Obturator foramen

51
Q

Where does the obturator nerve divide into the anterior and posterior branches?

A

Upper border of the adductor brevis

52
Q

Where is the anterior branch of the obturator nerve found?

A

Between the adductor longus and adductor brevis

MSK Dissections (3 decks)

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