Disscuss The Use Of Brain Imaging Technologies In Investigating The Relationship Between Biological Factors And Behaviour.

Question 1

What does mri stand for?

Answer 1

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 2

what does the mri do?

Answer 2

Creates a detailed image of the STRUCTURE of the human body

Question 3

What can the mri detect

Answer 3

A variety of disorders such as strokes,tumors, spinal cord injuries and can make brain scans

Question 4

How does the MRI work?

Answer 4

It uses a very strong magnet to align the nuclei of atoms inside of the body. The magnet causes the atoms to resonate that the scanner detects

Question 5

What does FMRI stand for?

Answer 5

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 6

what does the fmri do?

Answer 6

Creates a detailed image of the Function of the human brain

Question 7

What can the fmri detect?

Answer 7

What areas of the brain are more active than others

Question 8

How does the FMRI work?

Answer 8

It creates a magnetic field and sends radio frequency waves to detect the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the brain and seeing which part is more active

Question 9

What does PET Scan stand for?

Answer 9

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 10

What do pet scans do

Answer 10

The pet scan detects a special dye that is absorbed in you tissues and organs

Question 11

What do pet scans detect

Answer 11

The special dye used connects with the designated target and then send signals in opposite directions to the scanner allowing it to create a 3D image

Question 12

What is the special dye used in PET scans

Answer 12

The dye is a radioactive dye that is created specifically for each patient. The dye consist of glucose and radioactive tracers along side an isotope. The dye connects with specific proteins in the body.

Question 13

How do the work

Answer 13

The radioactive dye is placed inside of the patient and then travels through the blood stream to the specific Organ. The radioactive tracer then combines with the proteins in the tissue and sends out a signal in opposite directions to the pet scan The pet scan then reads this information and creates a three dimensional image of your organ.

Question 14

MRI study

Answer 14

Draganski et. Al. (2004)

Question 15

Aim of Draganski et.al.

Answer 15

To determine if changes in the brain could be detected as a result of learning a new motor skill

Question 16

Method of Draganski et. Al.

Answer 16

24 participants 21 female 3 male where split into two groups
Everyone got a brain scan after that
One group was told to live their life normally for the next 3 months
The other was given the task to learn a 60 second juggling routine in 3 months
After the three months both groups got a brain scan
Then return to their normal lives juggling group was not to juggle and the other group was told to the divides normal again for the next three months
Finally the third and last brain scan was taken

Question 17

Findings

Answer 17

In the first brain scan both groups had no anomalies
In the second brain scan it was found that the juggling a group had an increase in gray matter in the V5 part of the brain while the other group had no large increases
The V5 part of the brain is associated with visuals specifically motion
Three months later it was found that the V5 matter had decreased again
Use it or lose it

Question 18

FMRI Study

Answer 18

Harris and Fiske (2005)

Question 19

What was harris and fiskes aim?

Answer 19

The aim of this study was to observe the pre-frontal cortex and the amygdala when reacting to photos of “Extreme out-groups”.

Extreme out-groups in this case are addicts and homeless people

Question 20

What was the method harris and fiske used

Answer 20

22 Princeton university students were split into two groups one would see objects while getting scanned the other would see people. The people seen by the second group included people with disabilities, rich businessman, older people, Olympians, addicts and homeless people.

Question 21

What were the results for the harris and fiske study

Answer 21

The results showed that there was a difference in reaction for each of the photos. When participants were showed homeless or addicted people parts of the prefrontal cortex relating to discussed were activated and so was parts of the brain relating to launch human objects such as garbage. Another interesting finding was the medial frontal cortex was dormant when looking at the outcasts this part of the brain relates to human interaction.

Question 22

Pet scan study

Answer 22

Raine et. Al. (1997)

Question 23

Aim of Raine et. Al.

Answer 23

The aim of this study is the see if there’s a difference between the structure of the murders brain and the structure of a non-murder brain

Question 24

Method for Raine et.al.

Answer 24

Brain scans were taken of murderers who had pleaded not guilty for the reason of insanity and a control group.
Both groups were off of any medication for two weeks prior to the brain scan.
They were inserted with a radioactive dye

Question 25

Results for Rain et.al. (1997)

Answer 25

It was found that when comparing the both of the brain scans that the control group had a higher activity in there frontal lobe compared to the murderers

Question 26

Critical thinking MRI

Answer 26

Advantage : allows us to see the structure of our brains
Disadvantage : uses the magnetic field making it unusable for some people with metal implants in their body such as a bolt in their knee

Question 27

Critical thinking FMRI

Answer 27

Advantage : allows us to study location of brain function

Disadvantage : same as MRI uses a magnetic field making it unable to be used by people with metal implants

Question 28

Critical thinking PET

Answer 28

Advantage: allows us to create a three-dimensional image of a specific part in the body

Disadvantage: uses of radioactive dye so you can only have it done so many times before it gets dangerous

Question 29

Define brain imaging technologies

Answer 29

Brain imaging technologies (BIT) are images that allow us to create 2-D or 3-D dimensional images of our brain. These images could show the structure of our brain or the function of our brain.

Question 30

Participants in Raine

Answer 30

41
39 male
2 female