Disruption Of Attatchment Flashcards
What are the major effects of seperatio? (PDD)
PROTEST-the child will protest a lot when first separated, they may cry, panic or call out.
DESPAIR- after a day or two the child will start to withdraw, loose interest in surroundings and cry occasionally.
DETATCHMENT- after a few days the child will have seemed to have recovered but the previous attachment with the career will be permanently damaged
What is the definition of deprivation
The loss of something that is needed or wanted.
It is long term and permanent
Case study on PDD model (john)
John by Robertson and Robertson (1968)
-explored disruption of maternal bond. Made a film on 4 children they fostered under aged 3
Case study:
-placed in residential care for 9 days while mum had a baby.
-behaved normally at first
-then craved attention from nurses
-then withdrew and sought attention from a big teddy
-9th day he screamed to get away from his mother.
Evaluate johns case study
- reaction could have been due to new environment rather that separation
- little control of variables
- difficult to replicate
- high ecological validity as it’s a real event
Describe Maternal deprivation hypothesis.
What did it suggest
Describe
- John bowlby (1953)
- case study on 44 adolescent thieves
- control group that didn’t steal
- 17 experienced frequent separation before age 2
- 14 were said to be ‘affection less psychopaths’ (didn’t Care about feelings of others
- of the 14, 12 had experienced separation
Suggests
- deprivation from main career during critical prior (3-5 years) harmful effects on emotion, social and intellectual development
- long term affects can lead to separation anxiety
Describe goldfarbs stufy (1943)
Studies children brought up in an orphanage that these maternally deprived children where less intellectually and socially developed than those who grew up in a supportive family
Evaluate case studies
Positives
-rich in data
Negatives
- difficult to generalise
- unreliable (use retrospective data)
- only focus on on person
- mainly use interview meaning people can under or over estimate.
- interviewee can extrapolate from the specific case study.
Evaluate goldfarbs study
Supports
-Skeels and dye (1939)
(to test the theory that provision of care improved iq)
Found children in residential care performed lower in iq tests.
Some transferred to mentally retarded home and when iq was tested again it had raised (64-92)
Control group stayed in the orphanage and when iq was tested again there’s decreased (87-61)
EMOTIONAL DEPRIVATION AFFECTS INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
4 causes of long term maternal deprivation
-anaclitic depression
(Robertson and Robertson 1968)
Loss of apatite, interest in life.
-affectionless psychopathy
(Bowlby 44 juvenile thieves 1944)
-negative intellectual impact
(Skeels and dye 1939)
-deprivation dwarfism
(The family 1987)
Definition of privation
Privation means NEVER forming a bond with a caregiver
Hodges and Tigard (1989)
- 65 british children from children to adolescence
- longitudinal study
- children placed in institution before 4 months
- remained until at least aged 2
- 26 remained in institution for the duration of the study
- control group of London working class children
- explicitly policy not to form attachments
- staff said 69% didn’t care about anyone
- staff said 42% were attention seeking
SUPPORTS BOWLBYS THEORY THAT MATERNAL DEPRIVATION IS IRREVERSIBLE
Study that supports hodges and Tigard
maternal deprivation has irreversible effects
Quinton et al (1985)
- 100 young women
- 50’in children’s homes
- 50 in own home (control group)
Quinton et al said that the women who were in children’s homes were more likely to have children that were fostered and have attachment problems
- the women had parenting problems and found it hard to be sensitive, supportive and warm towards their children
- privation has effects on mothering
CYCLE OF PRIVATION
HARLOW (1960) supports Quinton
- monkey raised with derogate mother
- cloth monkey
- wire monkey
He said that the monkey raised with derogate monkeys found it harder to mother their own offspring
Describe Rutters study (2007)
- 100 Romanian orphans
- assessed at ages 4,6 and 11years
- the children that were adopted before 6 months where found to show ‘normal’ development.
- children that were adopted after 6 months dis inhibited attachments and had problems with peers
Gardner (1972)
- Looked at children in institutions
- noticed they were smaller that children who weren’t in institutions
He said emotional disturbance can effect hormone production
-dwarfism
Case study: girl fed through tube and never cuddled. By 8 months she was very withdrawn but when admitted to hospital she thrived on the care.
-emotional care is as important as nourishment
Curtiss (1977) Genie
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