Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSMA > DISPENSING > Flashcards

DISPENSING Flashcards

1
Q

The capability of a particular formulation to remain within its physical, chemical, microbiological, therapeutic and toxicological specifications

A

Drug stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Usually conducted throughout the clinical trial and during the filing period

A

Pre-market stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Continuous assurance on the post-approval batches for long-term stability monitoring on the drug product

A

Commercial stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Manifested by the drug’s molecular structure, chemical change results to different drug molecule, and each active ingredient should retain its chemical integrity and labeled potency within specified limits

A

Chemical stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Properties of drugs and dosage forms that can be seen or tested by physical means

A

Physical stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It involves the assessment of flavor, odor, appearance and mouthfeel of a product

A

Organoleptic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sterility or resistance to microbial growth is retained according to the specified requirements

A

Microbiological stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The therapeutic effect remains unchanged

A

Therapeutic stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

No significant increase in toxicity occurs

A

Toxicological stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Problem which could occur as a result of interaction between two or more drugs or chemicals

A

Drug instability/Incompatibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Physical or chemical interaction that leads to visible recognizable change

A

Physical incompatibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Remedy for insolubility of components

A

Suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Remedy for immiscibility of components

A

Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Solute which is originally dissolved in the solvent is thrown out of solution

A

Salting out process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The solubility of most drugs __ as the temperature of the solution __

A

Decreases, decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Remedy for salting out

A

Use another solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Notorious to liquefaction

A

Efflorescent powders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Absorbs moisture but does not dissolve

A

Hygroscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Absorbs moisture and dissolves

A

Deliquescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Liquefaction of solids mixed in dry state

A

Eutexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Molecules are concentrating at the interface

A

Adsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Molecules being absorbed are penetrating into the capillary spaces of the absorbing surface

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Drugs that are __ or __ have greater tendency to sorb to PCV to dissolve in its plasticizer

A

Poor water-soluble, lipophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Based on study in animals, drugs that contain surfactants or cosolvents can cause cancer

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Process of liberation of the active ingredients. Other term is volatilization

A

Vaporization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Common in liquid dosage form

A

Loss of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Visible change in the reaction is not necessarily observed but can be determined by analytical method

A

Chemical incompatibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The chemical interactions can be corrected by changing the order of mixing

A

Tolerated incompatibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Change in the formulation is needed with a compound having equal therapeutic value

A

Adjusted incompatibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tolerated and adjusted incompatibilities

A

Chemical interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Immediate and delayed incompatibilities

A

Nature of chemical interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Chemical reaction takes place immediately after combining the prescription ingredients

A

Immediate incompatibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Chemical reaction proceeds at a very slow rate and no appreciable visible change occurs which may develop on keeping the product for a long time

A

Delayed incompatibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Occurs when one drug losses electron to the other; VILEORA

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Most common type of incompatibility and drug degradation. Triggered by presence of water, acids, bases, and catalyst

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Commonly caused by sodium bicarbonate and carbonate buffers that cause effervescence

A

Evolution of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Forming inactive complex

A

Complexation

38
Q

Action or process of changing from an optically active compound into a racemic compound or an optically inactive mixture

A

Racemization

39
Q

Formation the pair of diasteriomers that differ only in the configuration about one carbon atom

A

Epimerization

40
Q

Remedy for epimerization

A

Suspension of tetracycline

41
Q

Reducing agent + oxidizing agent

A

Explosive mixtures

42
Q

Two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units

A

Polymerization

43
Q

Known as photodecomposition; degradation by light; change in color

A

Photolysis

44
Q

Cake formation

A

Cementation

45
Q

Gel formation

A

Gelatinization

46
Q

Emulsifying agent for gel formation

A

Acacia

47
Q

Undesirable pharmacological interaction between two or more ingredients that leads to potentiation of the therapeutic effects, destruction of the effectiveness and occurrence of a toxic manifestation

A

Therapeutic incompatibilities

48
Q

Drug, chemical or food causing the intraction

A

Precipitant drug

49
Q

Drug affected by the interaction

A

Object drug

50
Q

Supported by well-proven clinical studies

A

Established

51
Q

Very likely but might not be proven clinically

A

Probable

52
Q

Might occur and some data might be available

A

Suspected

53
Q

Could occur and limited data are available

A

Possible

54
Q

Doubtful; no good evidence of an altered clinical effect is available

A

Unlikely

55
Q

Injury resulting from medical intervention; preventable; intentional

A

Adverse drug event

56
Q

Response to a drug that is noxious and unintended, and that occurs at doses normally used in humans; unpreventable; unintentional

A

Adverse drug reaction

57
Q

Dose dependent, predictable, common, and reproducible

A

Type A: Augmented

58
Q

Not dose related, unpredictable, rare, unknown mechanism, serious and fatal

A

Type B: Bizzare

59
Q

Occurs after antigen (pollen) binds IgE found in the surface of mast cell

A

Type I: Immediate of anaphylactic immune response

60
Q

Initiated by IgG and IgM directed against antigens found on the cell membrane of a given target cell

A

Type II: Cytotoxic

61
Q

Tissue deposition of antigen-antibody complexes with complement activation and tissue damage

A

Type III: Immune complex hypersensitivity

62
Q

T-lymphocytes sensitized by antigen release lymphokines after subsequent contact with the same antigen

A

Type IV: Cell-mediated or delayed type

63
Q

Acute generalized reactions that occur when a previously sensitized person are exposed to a particle antigen

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

64
Q

Dose related and time dependent

A

Type C: Continuous

65
Q

Person takes the drug compulsively despite potential harm

A

Addiction

66
Q

Compulsion to the drug repeatedly and experience unpleasant symptoms

A

Dependence

67
Q

Reduced effect with repeated used of the drug and need for a higher dose to produce the same effect

A

Tolerance

68
Q

Time dependent

A

Type D: Delayed

69
Q

No fetal risk demonstrated in controlled studies

A

Category A

70
Q

No risks in animal studies but human studies are lacking

A

Category B

71
Q

Animal studies may or may not have shown risk

A

Category C

72
Q

There is risk of harm to the human fetus

A

Category D

73
Q

Contraindicated in pregnancy and must never be used

A

Category X

74
Q

Associated with thalidomide

A

Phocomelia

75
Q

Associated with phenytoin

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

76
Q

Uncommon and withdrawal

A

Type E: End of use

77
Q

Unexpected failure of efficacy, common and dose-related

A

Type F: Failure of therapy

78
Q

% of Counterfeit drugs

A

<90%

79
Q

Any ADR produced by the admin of drug or co-exposed of the drug with another substance, which modifies the patient’s response to the drug

A

Drug interaction

80
Q

Occurs when two or more drugs, with or without the same overt effect, are used together to yield a combined effect that has an outcome greater than the sum of the single drugs active components alone

A

Synergism

81
Q

Describes a particular type of synergistic effect - a drug interaction in which only one of two drugs exerts the action that is made greater by the presence of the second drug

A

Potentiation

82
Q

Chemical reaction can be reduced by mixing the solution in dilute forms or by changing the order of mixing

A

Tolerated

83
Q

Potential of effect when 2 drugs with the same active ingredient or with the same action are taken at the same time

A

Additive

84
Q

Caused by a chemical or physical incompatibility when two or more drug are mixed together

A

Pharmaceutical interaction

85
Q

Can occur as pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions

A

Drug-herbal interactions

86
Q

The more drugs are used by a patient, the greater potential for a drug interaction

A

Multiple drug therapy

87
Q

Drugs are used for their primary effect but may also possess secondary effects that may cause the interaction

A

Multiple pharmacologic effects

88
Q

Patient are be seen by different physicians who may prescribe interacting medications

A

Multiple prescribers

89
Q

Patients need to follow proper instructions for taking medications

A

Patient noncompliance

90
Q

Can occur at different rates in different ethnic population and at a lesser extent in different geographical areas

A

Pharmacogenetic interactions

91
Q
A

PSMA (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions