Disorders of Tissue Integrity & Function

Question 1

Rashes

Answer 1

Temporary eruptions of the skin

-Childhood diseases, heat, diaper irritation, or drug-induced reactions

Question 2

Lesion

Answer 2

a traumatic or pathologic loss or normal tissue continuity, structure, or function

Question 3

Blisters

Answer 3

vesicles or fluid-filled papules

• disruption of the intracellular junctions causing skin layers to separate where fluid accumulates
• can be caused by extreme temperatures (burns, frostbite) or exposure to chemicals

Question 4

Calluses

Answer 4

hyperkeratotic plaques

-hyperplasia of keratinized cells with increased adhesion resulting in hyperkeratosis and decreased skin shedding

Question 5

Corns (helomas)

Answer 5

small, well-circumscribed thickening or keratinous skin

-heloma durum & heloma molle

Question 6

Heloma durum

Answer 6

central, hard-core; occur on dry-flat surfaces of skin (usually painful)

Question 7

Heloma molle

Answer 7

soft, more common between toes and stay moist, keeping the surrounding skin soft (usually not as painful)

Question 8

Pruritis

Answer 8

• itching sensation
• can be mild to severe
• sensation conduction by type C neurons
• histamine and tryptase released by mast cells activate itch receptor
• opioids and substance P can activate itch receptors
• bradykinin and bile salts cause local activation of itch receptors
• often not localized and scratching does not relieve this
• can result in skin damage from excessive scratching
• Diphenhydramine or hydrocortisone can relieve this

Question 9

Xerosis

Answer 9

• dry skin
• dehydration of the stratum corneum
• more common with aging b/c of decreased secretions
• can cause pruritis

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

a mature melanin-forming cell, especially in the skin

Question 11

vitiligo

Answer 11

• absence of melanin production
• discolored patches in different areas of the body, including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes
• commonly occurs after the age of 20
• due to genetics and autoimmune complications

Question 12

albinism

Answer 12

a rare group of genetic disorders that cause an absence of pigment in the skin, hair, or eyes

Question 13

tinea

Answer 13

infection caused by a fungus

Question 14

tinea pedis

Answer 14

fungal infection of the foot (athlete’s foot)

Question 15

tinea unguium

Answer 15

fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails, and the nail bed (onychomycosis)

Question 16

tinea corporis

Answer 16

fungal infection of the arms, legs, and trunk