Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Health II > Disorders of the Muscle > Flashcards

Disorders of the Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Protect organs, provide support and stability, and enable coordinated movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of a neurovascular assessment?

A

Pain and swelling, paresthesia, paralysis, pulses and capillary refill, pallor and temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is paresthesia?

A

Numbness and tingling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a normal pulse rating?

A

2+.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the normal capillary refill time?

A

Less than 3 seconds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a strain?

A

Stretching of a muscle or tendon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to a ligament surrounding a joint, usually occurs due to twisting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of sprains and strains?

A

Pain, swelling, decreased function, and bruising.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are safety concerns with compression?

A

Monitor for numbness and tingling, loosen bandage if needed, wrap distally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dislocation?

A

Deformity, pain and tenderness, local swelling, and loss of function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can increase the risk of dislocation?

A

Paralysis after a stroke (arm hangs and gravity pulls it out of socket). Prevent this by putting the paralyzed arm in a sling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between dislocation and subluxation?

A

Dislocation is a complete separation, while subluxation is a partial separation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for dislocation?

A

Reduction: closed (manually) or open (surgically).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is a dislocation considered an orthopedic emergency?

A

Avascular necrosis or death of the surrounding tissue occurs if blood supply is cut off.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is nursing care for dislocation?

A

Pain management, frequent neurovascular assessment, and joint support.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How long is a patient likely to wear a splint with a dislocation?

A

6-8 weeks; needs to be immobilized to heal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

A repetitive use injury causing swelling of the carpal tunnel, leading to compression of the nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Weakness, numbness and tingling, and pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Nerve conduction study, Phalen’s sign, Tinel’s sign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Phalen’s sign?

A

Hands down pressed against each other, causing compression of the nerve, leading to numbness and tingling if the disorder is present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Tinel’s sign?

A

Tapping over the nerve on the wrist, causing numbness and tingling if the disorder is present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How can carpal tunnel disease be prevented?

A

Ergonomics: proper body mechanics and anatomical position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the treatments for carpal tunnel disease?

A

Brace/splint, exercise, corticosteroid injections, and carpal tunnel release.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the types of rotator cuff injury?

A

Gradual (over time/repeated use) and sudden.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a rotator cuff injury?

A

Weakness, pain, and inability to maintain abduction (arm out away from body).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the drop arm test?

A

The nurse holds the patient’s arm out and then lets go; the patient should try to hold the arm out after they let go. A person with this injury will not be able to.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a rotator cuff injury?

A

Injury to a group of muscles and tendons around the shoulder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the diagnosis for a rotator cuff injury?

A

MRI, which shows soft tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the treatment for a rotator cuff injury?

A

NSAIDs (for gradual tear), corticosteroid injections, ice/heat, support (sling), and surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is arthroscopic surgery?

A

Use of a scope that is placed into the joint; it is outpatient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the post-operative care steps for arthroscopy?

A

Frequent neurovascular checks, compression bandage, limit activity, elevate, ice, and monitor for infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

An incomplete fracture where the bone is bent but only partially broken; most common in children due to not having set bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a fracture?

A

Deformity, pain, swelling, decreased function, erythema, bruising, and crepitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is crepitation?

A

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the goals of care for a fracture?

A

Reduction of fracture, immobilization, and restoring fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the purpose of traction?

A

Immobilization, reduction, pain reduction, and reducing swelling.

38
Q

What are the types of traction?

A

Bucks (skin) and skeletal.

39
Q

What is Bucks traction?

A

Short term (48-72 hours) while the patient waits for surgery or uncontrolled pain; uses 5-10 pounds.

40
Q

What is skeletal traction?

A

Long term; uses pins inserted into the bone and skin above and below the site of the fracture; uses 25-40 pounds and weights should hang free.

41
Q

What is cast care?

A

Frequent neurovascular checks (usually moving toes/fingers and cap refill), pain management, and monitoring for infection.

42
Q

What are hot spots in cast care?

A

Areas where warmth or heat can be felt through the cast.

43
Q

What is internal fixation?

A

Placement of hardware into the bone to stabilize and keep it together.

44
Q

What are the risks for internal fixation?

A

Rejection, infection, and loss of range of motion (ROM).

45
Q

What is external fixation?

A

A device placed into the fracture site with the main hardware on the outside; used for patients with open fractures waiting for surgery.

46
Q

What are the risks for external fixation?

A

Infection and fall risk.

47
Q

What factors affect bone healing?

A

Age, circulation, smoking, and co-morbidities.

48
Q

What are the causes of impaired healing?

A

Delayed union, nonunion, and malunion.

49
Q

What is delayed union?

A

Prolonged healing.

50
Q

What is nonunion?

A

A nonhealed fracture after 4-6 months; very common in smokers.

51
Q

What is malunion?

A

Malalignment of a healed fracture; fixed by rebreaking the bone and realigning the fracture.

52
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Infection in the bone, often starting within the patient and making its way out.

53
Q

What are the risk factors for osteomyelitis?

A

Open wound (not just fractures), soft tissue injury, internal fixation (foreign substance in body), and urinary tract infection (bacteria travels).

54
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of local osteomyelitis?

A

Bone pain, swelling, tenderness, and warmth.

55
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of systemic osteomyelitis?

A

Fever and chills, drainage from the site, restlessness, nausea, malaise, and increased WBC.

56
Q

What are the diagnostics for osteomyelitis?

A

Cultures (wound and blood), labs (CRP and WBC), and X-ray (will show infection).

57
Q

Which vital sign is the most important related to infection?

A

Temperature.

58
Q

What are antibiotic beads?

A

Placed where infection is occurring; the beads slowly release the antibiotic into the wound.

59
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pressure within a compartment.

60
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Lack of blood supply.

61
Q

What are the assessment findings with compartment syndrome?

A

Pain, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis, pallor, and pressure.

62
Q

How can compartment syndrome be prevented?

A

Frequent neurovascular checks, pain assessment, and elevation.

63
Q

What should be done with suspected compartment syndrome?

A

Notify provider, monitor urinalysis output, do not elevate above heart, and do not use cold compresses.

64
Q

Why do you check urinary output with suspected compartment syndrome?

A

Myoglobin in the urine shows muscle breakdown.

65
Q

What is the treatment for compartment syndrome?

A

Fasciotomy.

66
Q

What is a fasciotomy?

A

Surgical decompression; left open with a risk for infection.

67
Q

What are the risks for venous thromboembolism?

A

Hip fracture, pelvic fracture, hip or knee replacement, and decreased mobility.

68
Q

What is fat embolism syndrome?

A

Fat globules make their way to the lungs, similar to a pulmonary embolism.

69
Q

What bones are affected by fat embolism syndrome?

A

Long bones (hip, femur, ribs, tibia, pelvis).

70
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of fat embolism syndrome?

A

Confusion, restlessness, petechiae on the chest, respiratory distress, and feeling of doom.

71
Q

How can fat embolism syndrome be prevented?

A

IV fluids and fracture immobilization (less likely the fat will get into the systemic system).

72
Q

Why is fat embolism syndrome dangerous?

A

There are no drugs like anticoagulants to break the fat globule apart.

73
Q

Why are hip fractures more common in women?

A

Higher risk for osteoporosis.

74
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a hip fracture?

A

Pain, deformity (leg is shorter than the other), and externally rotated.

75
Q

What are the nursing priorities for a hip fracture?

A

Hydration, respiratory support, neurovascular checks, pain control, and vital signs.

76
Q

What labs would be needed before hip fracture repair?

A

CBC, WBC, and type and cross.

77
Q

What changes will there be to vital signs if a patient is bleeding after hip fracture repair?

A

Low BP, increased HR, and decreased O2.

78
Q

What is arthroplasty?

A

Replacement of a diseased or injured joint with mechanical devices.

79
Q

What are the reasons for arthroplasty?

A

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fractures.

80
Q

What joints are the most commonly replaced?

A

Knees and hips.

81
Q

What is a partial replacement?

A

Only replaces the ball.

82
Q

What is a total replacement?

A

Both the ball and socket are replaced.

83
Q

What is an anterior hip replacement?

A

Incision in the front; recover faster but is less common.

84
Q

What is a posterior hip replacement?

A

Most common type; incision in the back.

85
Q

Why is a urinalysis important before joint replacement?

A

To check for a UTI; if present, the risk of infection increases significantly.

86
Q

How can you know a patient has a UTI?

A

Foley catheter puts them at risk, delirium, bloody urine, increased frequency and urgency, odor, and sediment in urine.

87
Q

What is post-operative care for joint replacement?

A

Monitor for bleeding, monitor for infection, activity (out of bed on day 1), pain management (narcotic analgesics), anticoagulation (until they are completely weight-bearing), and incision care (teach signs of infection).

88
Q

What are the hip replacement precautions?

A

Need a pillow between legs at all times, no bending at the waist, and no crossing legs.

89
Q

What is a CPM machine?

A

A machine used after knee replacement that flexes and extends the leg for range of motion.

90
Q

What medication is used to treat VTE?

A

Anticoagulation enoxaparin (heparin substitute) given subcutaneously twice a day.

Adult Health II (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions