Disorders of the ear and eye

Question 1

what causes conductive hearing loss?

Answer 1

outer ear obstruction
tympanic membrane perf
middle ear problems e.g effusion, otosclerosis, ossicular erosion

Question 2

what causes sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 2

trauma 
infection 
noise induced 
degenerative 
neoplastic 
menieres

Question 3

What would be found on rinnes test in conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 3

bone conduction louder than air in conductive

Sensorineural air is longer

Question 4

What would be found on webers test in conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 4

in conductive sound lateralises to impaired air and in sensorineural it lateralises to good ear

We Create Better Students (worst in conductive, best in Sensorineural

Question 5

what are the S&S of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?

Answer 5

Dizziness.
A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving (vertigo)
A loss of balance or unsteadiness.
Nausea.
Vomiting

Question 6

how can BPPV be clinically tested for?

Answer 6

Hallpike manoeuvre

• sit patient up and stanfd behind
• tilt head to 45 degrees
• secure head and lie them down rapidly so head is 30 degrees below bed and looking at floor
• BPPV diagnosed when nstagmus is latent, transient and fatiguable

Question 7

what manoeuvre can be done to alleviate BPPV?

Answer 7

Epleys manoeuvre

Question 8

how can vertigo be medically managed?

Answer 8

Anticholinergics e.g hyoscine patch 
Antihistamine e.g cyclazine 
Phenothiazines 
Benzos 
Anti emetics 

My aunty (anti) had vertigo

Question 9

what are the symptoms of menieres?

Answer 9

recurrent vertigo, vomiting, tinnitus, ear fullness and fluctuating hearing loss

Question 10

how is menieres managed?

Answer 10

Betahistine
diuretics

Grommett insertion

Question 11

what are the S&S of cataracts?

Answer 11

Painless vision loss
commonly starts with problem reading or watching TV
Worse in bright lights

Decreased visual acuity
decreased red reflex on ophthalmoscopy
cloudy brown/white lens

Question 12

what are the S&S of glaucoma?

Answer 12

eye pain 
halos around lights 
N&V 
eye redness 
decreased visual acuity 
corneal oedema 
fixed dilated pupil

Question 13

what is the treatment of glaucoma?

Answer 13

B blockers
Alpha agonists
prostaglandin analogues
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - acetazolamide

Question 14

what the S&S of ARMD?

Answer 14

progressive loss of central vision
decreased contrast and colour detection
flashing lights
distortion of straight lines

Question 15

what are the invesigations for ARMD?

Answer 15

amsler grid

OCT - fluid and loss of retinal pigment epithelium