Disorders of testes, scrotum etc

Question 1

Contents of spermatic cord

Answer 1

Piles Dont Contribute To A Good Sex Life

Pampiniform plexus
Ductus deferens
Cremasteric artery
Testicular artery
Artery of ductus deferens
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Sympathetic nerve fibres
Lymphatic vessels

Question 2

Extra-vaginal torsion (who does it occur in)

Answer 2

Outside the tunica vaginalis when testis and gubernaculum can rotate freely
Can only occur in newborns

Question 3

Intravaginal torsion

Answer 3

Testicle rotates on spermatic cord w/in tunica vaginalis

Older children and adults

Question 4

Bell-clapper abnormality

Answer 4

Inappropriately high attachment of tunica vaginalis over spermatic cord
Predisposes to intravaginal torsion

Question 5

Complications of torsion

Answer 5

Infarction
Infertility
Psychological impact
Recurrent torsion
Impaired pubertal development

Question 6

Cryptorchidism

Answer 6

Testis doesn’t descend into scrotum

Question 7

Risk factors

Answer 7

12-18
Neonates
Bell clapper deformity 
Trauma
Exercise
Cryptorchidism
Prev torsion

Question 8

Clinical features torsion

Answer 8

10/10 sudden onset pain
Pain refer to lower abdomen
N+V
Swollen, tender, retracted testis, red, hot
Cremasteric reflex lost on affected side
Prehn’s sign, elevation of testes does not ease pain

Question 9

Prehn’s sign

Answer 9

Elevation of affected testis does not alleviate pain

Question 10

Management of torsion

Answer 10

Medical emergency needs surgery

Question 11

Orchidectomy

Answer 11

surgical removal of one or both testicles

Question 12

Orchidopexy

Answer 12

surgery to move a testicle that has not descended or moved down to its proper place

Question 13

Time spans after onset of symptoms of torsion

Answer 13

4-6 hr good chance
10-12 hrs ischaemia and irreversible damage
12hrs necrosis certain