Disorders of oral cavity Flashcards
Disorders of oral cavity
- Periodontal diseases
- Stomatitis (inflammation of mm)
- Oral neoplasms
- Diseases of the tongue
- Diseases of salivary glands
Symptoms of the oral cavity diseases
- dysphagia
- drooling
- halitosis
- oral pain
- interest in food but reluctance to eat
- blood-tinged saliva, blood on toothbrush/toys
- facial swelling
- nasal discharge
Normal tooth formula for dogs and cat. What else we check in teeth during examination?
Dog: upper 3I 1C 4P 2M, lower 3I 1C 4P 3M
Cat: upper 3I 1C 3P 1M, lower 3I 1C 2P 1M
Number, shape, position/occlusion, surface, colour, tartar, pain, movability
What do we check in teeth, gingiva and salivary glands?
Tongue: shape, size, surface (intactness, papilla), colour, consistency, movability
Gingiva: colour, moisture, intactness
Salivary gland: size, surface, colour
DD of dysphagia
- oral pain: trauma, fractured teeth/bones, inflammation, lesions
- pain when swallowing: oesophagitis, stricture
- oral mess: tumour, granuloma, foreign body
- neuromuscular disease
Periodontal diseases
= all stages of inflammation surrounding the teeth.
- common, esp in old dogs of small breeds
- tooth resorption (=feline odontoclastic resorption lesions FORL)
Predisposing factors for periodontal diseases
- malocclusion
- non-abrasive food
- rough tooth surface
- immunosuppression (retroviral infections, DM)
Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases
Bacteria get accumulated in biofilms —> toxins, inflammation. If it’s subgingivally (pocket) -> potential tooth loss
Periodontitis. Treatment. Prevention
- aim: remove supra/sub gingival plaque, polishing teeth, teeth extraction
- if periodontal “pocket” is deeper than 4-5 mm -> local AB but carefully!
- PREVENTION!: oral hygiene!!
Tooth resorption. General info
Previously: feline odontoclastic resorption lesions (FORL)
- cat disease, common
- unknown what exactly starts the process (idiopathic)
- very common 30-70%
- can be inflammatory and non-inflammatory forms
- diagnosis: x-ray
- treatment: very limited; according to stages: crown amputation, laser therapy, teeth extraction
Stomatatis. Definition. Classification
Inflammation of the MM of the mouth (mucosa, submucosa)
Gingivitis, Periodontitis, glossitis, palatitis, tonsillitis depending on location and anatomical structures involved
Types of abnormalities in stomatitis
- reddening
- erosion
- ulcer
- necrosis
- vesiculum
- granuloma
- proliferation
- hyperplasia
Stomatitis. Aetiology.
- Systemic diseases: uraemia, DM
- Immune-mediated diseases: SLE, pemphigus, idiopathic vasculitis
- Traumatic, physical/chemical agents:
- Infective diseases
- Chronic immunosuppressive therapy
Stomatitis. Aetiology. Infective diseases
- feline calici virus
- feline herpes virus
- FeLV, FIV
- FIP
- distemper
- feline panleucopenia virus
- leptospirosis
Stomatitis. Types
- ULCERATIVE
- Feline ulcerative stomatitis
- canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis - NODULAR / PROLIFERATIVE
- feline oral eosinophilic granuloma
- canine oral eosinophilic granuloma
Feline chronic stomatitis. General
= feline gingivostomatitis
- ulcerative stomatitis
- common
- differentiate if caudal part of oral cavity is also involved or not
- most commonly gingiva, alveolar/labial/buccal MM»_space; (sub)lingual > palateal mm
Feline chronic stomatitis. Cause
- unknown, idiopathic, multifactorial
- theory that hypersensitivity reaction to chronic gingivitis
- probably FeHV and FeCV have some role
- teeth removal solves 80-90% of cases (bacterial role)
FCS. Diagnosis
- bilateral, symmetrical
- enlarged mandilbular lymph nodes
- commonly together with tooth resorption
- sampling (cytobrush) for FCV, FHV
FCS. Treatment
- all teeth extraction esp in caudal form it’s required!
- AB: only complementary
- analgesia!!: very painful condition
- interferon
- cyclosporine: better without steroid treatment. If teeth are not removed, this should be applied
- GCCs: antiinflam dose
Canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CCUS)
- often in Maltese, cocker spaniel, CKCS, poodle, terrier
- allergic hypersensitivity; contact ulcer “kissing ulcer”
- treatment: oral hygiene!, selected/all teeth extraction
Feline eosinophilia granuloma complex. Forms
- Oral eosinophilic granuloma
- Lips
- Cutaneous lesions
FEGC. Aetiology. Diagnosis. DD
- uknown, allergic background ?
- diagnosis: clinical signs, cytology (?), biopsy
- DD: neoplasms, foreign body, mycotoxins infection
FEGC. Treatment
- removing any possible underlying disease (hypoallergenic diet, antihistamines, deworming)
- GCCs
- amoxiclav
- cyclosporine
- surgical excision
- laser therapy
Canine eosinophilic granuloma
- rare: Husky, Malamut, CKCS, German shepherd
- nodular / proliferative
- not a disease but hypersensitive reaction to different Ag
- granuloma-like formation(s), could be ulcerated
- diagnosis: signs, lesions, histopath
- could be solved spontaneously; respond to GCCs; can be seasonal
Oral neoplasms
- pay attention if lesion is unilateral !!
- malignant melanima: most common malignant tumour in dogs, bad prognosis
- squamous cell carcinoma: ulcerative
- fibrosarcoma: extensively invades soft tissue, bone; common in retrievers
- epulides: most common benign tumour of oral cavity
- papillomatosis
What are neuromuscular diseases possibly cause one dysphagia?
- rabies, tetanus, botulism, tick paralysis
- temperomandibular myositis/loint disease
- oral, pharyngeal, crycopharyngeal dysfunction
- localised myasthenia gravis
- cranial nerve abnormalities
Diseases of the tongue
- glossitis: infective disease/immune-mediated/chemicals/metabolic diseases
- strangulation of the tongue
- neoplasms
- trauma
- congenital microglossia (super rare)
Diseases of the tongue
- glossitis: infective disease/immune-mediated/chemicals/metabolic diseases
- strangulation of the tongue
- neoplasms
- trauma
- congenital microglossia (super rare)
Diseases of salivary glands
- sialocele: accimilation of saliva in SC due to salivary duct rupture/obstruction. Treatment: surgical removal of salivary ducts/gland
- sialodenitis: inflammation of salivary glands
- sialadenosis: acinar hypertrophy and ductile atrophy
