Disorders of Motor Function Flashcards
What is the Central Nervous System composed of?
Composed of the brain and spinal cord that integrate and coordinate sensory and motor information throughout the body.
What is the Central Nervous System responsible for?
Its responsible for higher neural function such as memory, learning and emotion.
How is the brain composed?
The brain weighs 3 pounds and contains about 100 billion neurons.
Composed of 75% water and 20% of circulating blood volume (750mL)
Must have constant blood flow of oxygen.
Failure of blood for as little as 10 seconds can result in unconsciousness.
What is the cerebrum?
Divided into two halves and two layers (hemispheres):
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
What does the cerebrum do?
Coordinates sensory data and motor functions.
Governs cognitive functions
What is the Cerebral Cortex?
The outside layer of the brain.
What is the Cerebral Hemispheres?
Looks like mirror images but they have different functions. (right and left)
What does the right hemisphere do?
Right Hemisphere controls left side of body and receives sensory information from that side as well.
What does the left hemisphere do?
Left Hemisphere controls right side of body (muscle and sensory information)
What is the Corpus Callosum?
Connects the right and left hemispheres for information sharing.
What is the Limbic System?
It’s between the cerebrum and the inner brain.
It’s responsible for the level of awareness and arousal.
-Hippocampus
-Reticular formation
The reticular activating system (RAS) controls wakefulness.
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
Learning and long-term memory
What is the reticular formation responsible for?
Connects sensory input with cerebral cortex
What does the Frontal Brain Lobe do/work?
Higher mental processes
Verbal communication and voluntary control of skeletal muscles
What does the Parietal Brain Lobe do/work?
Skin
Taste and muscle sensations
Speech center
Formation of words to express thoughts and emotions
Interprets textures and shapes
What does the Temporal Brain Lobe do/work?
Sense of smell and auditory interpretation
Stores auditory and visual experiences
Forms thoughts that precede speech
What does the Occipital Brain Lobe do/work?
Location of eye movements
Integrates visual experiences
What does the cerebellum do?
Controls movement, balance, and voluntary muscle activity.
Adjusts impulses from proprioceptors within muscles, joints, and sense organs.
Proprioceptors relay information about balance and body position
What is the brainstem?
Continuous with spinal cord and connects to the cerebral hemispheres.
The smallest part brain and related to primitive vital functions:
-Midbrain
-Righting reflex
-Pons
-Medulla Oblongata
-Regulates HR, BP, and Resp
-Nerve tracts cross to opposite sides
How is the spinal cord structured?
Extends from medulla oblongata of the brain to the area around the first lumbar vertebrae in the lower back.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) extends out from the spinal cord.
Meninges - 3 layers - Brain and spinal cord
What is the spinal cord protected by?
Vertebral column:
-Shocks and injuries -
Spinal cord cannot regenerate
Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
Meninges
What are the 3 layers of Meninges?
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Membrane
Pia Mater
What is the dura mater?
Outer tough fibrous membrane
What is the arachnoid membrane?
Middle web like membrane consisting of CSF.
What is the pia mater?
The innermost layer contains several blood vessels
How does the spinal cord function?
Conducts impulses to and from the brain.
Serves as a reflex center to receive and send messages through nerves without entering the brain.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Peripheral nerves, ganglia and specialized sensory structures.
Carries sensory and motor information between CNS and all other organs and tissues in the body.
Two divisions
-Somatic Nervous System (afferent)
-Autonomic (Visceral) Nervous System (efferent)
What is the Somatic Nervous System?
Responsible for receiving and processing sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears.
Voluntary contraction of skeletal muscles
What is the Autonomic Nervous System?
Carries impulses from the CNS to glands, various smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and various membranes
Stimulates organs, glands and senses
How are the Brain Ventricles structured?
Four cavities within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Fourth Ventricle - Continuous with 3rd ventricle along with the brainstem
Third ventricle - Lateral ventricles continuous with 3rd ventricle in lower brain area
Two lateral ventricles - Each side of the cerebral cortex
How does the Brain Ventricles function?
Ventricles are connected to each other and the spinal cord central canal
Connected with subarachnoid space (space between two linings tha separate the brain from skull)
Lining of ventricles produces Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
CS helps provide nutrients to the brain
CS circulates throughout ventricular system and is eventually reabsorbed in the subarachnoid space
Ventricular system allows the brain to float in a fluid bath
Provides a shock absorber against head trauma
*Protects against head trauma.
