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Ocular Disease > Disorders of Lashes > Flashcards

Disorders of Lashes Flashcards

1
Q

The cilia pass between the ___ ___ and the muscle of _____ exiting the skin at the anterior lid margin and curve away from the globe.

A

oribularis oculi; Riolan

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2
Q

_____ is a condition that may occur in isolation or as a result of scarring of the lid margin secondary to chronic bepharitis and herpes zoster opthalmicus.

A

Trichiasis

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3
Q

What is trichinoses characterized by

A

posterior misdirection of lashes arising from normal sites of origin.

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4
Q

How do you treat trichiasis

A
  1. Epilation
  2. Electrolysis
  3. Cryotherapy
  4. Argon laser ablation
  5. Surgery
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5
Q

____ with forceps is simple but recurrences within 4 weeks are inevitable. ____ is useful for a few isolated lashes but is tedious and may cause scarring and frequently multiple treatments are required to obtain a satisfactory result. ____ is effective in eliminating profuse lashes. Argon laser ablation is useful for a few scattered lashes. Surgery is useful for localized crop of lashes resistant to other methods of treatment

A

Epilation; Electrolysis; Cryotherapy

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6
Q

What is congenital distichiasis

A

Rare condition that occurs when a primary epithelial germ cell destined to differentiate into a specialized sebaceous gland of the tarsus develops into a complete pilosebaceous unit. Majority of pts also manifest primary lymphedema of the legs.

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7
Q

What are signs of congenital distichiasis

A
  1. partial or complete second row of lashes emerging at/behind the the meibomian gland orifices.
  2. Aberrant lashes tend to be thinner and shorter than normal cilia and are often directed posteriorly.
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8
Q

Treatment of the lower lid is with ____.

A

cryotherapy.

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9
Q

Acquired distichiases is caused by ____ and dedifferentiation of the _____ glands to become hair follicles. The most important cause is late stage cicatrizing _____ associated with chemical injury, Stevens johnson syndrome and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

A

metaplasia; meibomian; conjunctivitis.

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10
Q

what are signs of acquired distichiases

A
  1. variable number of lashes which originate from meibomian gland orifices.
  2. cilia are non pigmented and stunted and symptomatic.
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11
Q

what is eye lash ptosis associated with

A

floppy eyelid syndrome, dermatochalasis with anterior lamellar slip or long standing facial palsy.

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12
Q

_____ refers to excessive eyelash growth

A

trichomegaly

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13
Q

List the acquired causes of trichomegaly

A
  1. drug induced - topical prostaglandin analogues phenytoin and cyclosporin
  2. malnutrition
  3. AIDS
  4. Porphyria
  5. Hypothyroidism
  6. Familial
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14
Q

What are congenital causes of trichomegaly

A
  1. Oliver McFarlane syndrome: pigmentary retinopathy, dwarfism and mental handicap
  2. Cornelia de Lange syndrome: mental and physical developmental abnormalities
  3. Goldsten Hutt syndrome: cataract and hereidtary spherocystosis
  4. Hermansky Pudlak syndrome: albinism and bleeding diathesis.
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15
Q

_____ is a decrease in the number of lashes

A

madarosis

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16
Q

what are local causes of madarosis

A
  1. chronic anterior lid margin disease
  2. infiltrating lid tumors
  3. burns
  4. radiotherapy/cyrotherapy of lid tumors
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17
Q

which skin disorders cause madarosis

A
  1. generalized alopecia

2. psoriasis

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18
Q

which systemic diseases cause madarosis

A
  1. myxoedema
  2. systemic lupus erythematosus
  3. acquired syphillis
  4. lepromatous leprosy
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19
Q

which are cases in following removal that cause madarosis

A
  1. iatrogenic for trichiasis

2. trichotillomania- psychiatric disorder of hair removal.

20
Q

_____ is a premature localized whitening of hair, which may involve the lashes and eyebrows.

A

poliosis

21
Q

what are ocular causes of poliosis

A
  1. chronic anterior blepharitis
  2. sympathetic opthalmitis
  3. idiopathic uveitis
22
Q

what are systemic causes of poliosis

A
  1. vogt koyanagi harada syndrome
  2. waardenburg syndrome
  3. vitiligo
  4. marfan syndrome
  5. tuberous sclerosis
23
Q

acute allergic oedema is usually caused by ____ or by insect bites

A

pollen

24
Q

what are signs of oedema

A

sudden onset of bilateral pitting periorbital oedema, accompanied by conjunctival swelling (chemosis).

25
Q

contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response that usually follows exposure to a medication, presevarvites, cosmetics or metals. Reaction is mediated by delayed type ____ hypersensitivity response

A

IV

26
Q

Atopic dermatitis is a common idiopathic condition, associated with _____ and hay fever.

A

asthma

27
Q

What are signs of atopic dermatitis

A

thickening, crusting and vertical fissuring of the lids associated with staphylococcal blepharitis and madarosis.

28
Q

How do you treat atopic dermatitis

A

emollients to hydrate the skin and use mild topical steroids such as hydrocortisone .

29
Q

what are common ocular associations of atopic dermatitis

A
  1. vernal disease in children and chronic keratoconjunctitivis in adults.
30
Q

what are uncommon ocular associations

A

keratoconus, presenile cataract and retinal detachment

31
Q

An external hordeolum is an acute staphylococcal abscess of a lash follicle and its associated gland of ______

A

Zeiss

32
Q

What are signs of an external hordeolum

A

a tender swelling in the lid margin pointing anteriorly through the skin, usually with a lash at the apex.

33
Q

how do you treat external hordeolum

A

involves topical antibiotics, hot compresses and epilation of the associated lash.

34
Q

what are signs of acute allergic oedema

A
  1. lid oedema, scaling, angular fissuring and tightness.
  2. chemosis, redness and papillary conjunctivitis.
  3. punctate corneal epithelial erosions.
35
Q

how do you treat acute allergic oedema

A
  1. stopping exposure to allergen.
  2. use of non preserved drops
  3. cold compresses
  4. topical steroids
  5. oral antihistamine
36
Q

______ is an uncommon superficial skin infection caused by _____ or _____ which mostly affects children

A

impetigo; staph aureus; staph pyogenes

37
Q

what are signs of impetigo

A

erythematous merciless rapidly developing into thin walled blisters which produce golden yellow crusts on rupturing.

38
Q

how do you treat impetigo

A

topical antibiotics and oral flucloxaciln or erythromycin.

39
Q

____ is an uncommon, acute subcutaneous spreading _____ caused by _____ through a site of minor skin trauma.

A

Erysipelas; cellultis; staph pryogenes

40
Q

what are signs of erysipelas, how do you treat it.

A

an expanding well defined, indurated, erythematous subcutaneous plaque. Treated with oral antibiotics.

41
Q

_____ fascitis is a rare rapidly progressive necrosis initially involving subcutaneous soft tissues and later the skin. It is caused by S. _____ and S. ____. the frequent sites of involvement are the extremities, trunk and perineum.

A

Necrotizing; pyogens; aureus.

42
Q

what are signs of necrotizing fascitis

A

periorbital redness and edema leading to formation of large bullae and black discoloration of skin due to gangrene secondary to underlying thrombosis

43
Q

____ _____ is a skin infection caused by human specific double stranded DNA poxvirus. Transmission is by contact and _____.

A

Molluscum contagiosum; autoinoculation

44
Q

what are signs of molluscum contagiosum

A
  1. single or multiple pale, waxy, umbilicated nodules.
  2. lesions on lid margin may shed virus into the tear film and give rise to a secondary ipsilateral chronic follicular conjuntivitis.
  3. White cheesy material consisting of infected degenerate cells can be expressed form the lesion.
45
Q

How do you treat molluscum contagiosum

A

shave excision, cauterization, cryotherapy or laser.

46
Q

HZO presents with pain in the distribution of the first division of the ____ nerve. signs include a maculopapular rash on the forehead, progression through vesicles and pustules to crusting. It is treated with oral aciclovir or topical acyclovir & a steroid Ab combination

A

trigeminal

47
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Herpes simplex

A

primary infection or rarely reactivation of HS virus previously dormant in the trigeminal ganglion.

Ocular Disease (2 decks)

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