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Psych > disorders of children/adolesscents > Flashcards

disorders of children/adolesscents Flashcards

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1
Q

assess development and functioning

A
  • types of play
  • social skills
  • problem sloving skills
  • energy level and motivation
  • trauma , hospitalization, injuries affecting CNS
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2
Q

ASSESS CONCERNING BEHAVIORS

A
  • behaviors/changes occur across a variety of settings
  • changes in sleep or appetite
  • social withdrawal
  • regression
  • frequently appears upset, sad or tearful
  • self destructive behavior
  • repeated thoughts of death
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3
Q

GENERAL COLLABORATION INTERVENTIONS

A
  • play therapy
  • family therapy
  • school based interventions /educational plan
  • family education
  • medications
  • structured mileu
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4
Q

COMMON CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORS

A

Neurodevelopmental disorders

  • attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder
  • autism

Disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders

  • oppositional defiant disorder
  • conduct disorder

Trauma and stressor related disorders
-PTSD

Early onset disorders

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5
Q

ADHD OVERVIEW

A
  • may have excessive motor activity as toddler
  • most identified in elementary school
  • more prevalent in boys
  • co-morbidities common(tics, torets, anxiety,ODD,Depression)
  • risk factors for difficulties in adulthood
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6
Q

ADHD symptoms

A

characterized into 3 groups

  • hyperactivity
  • impulsive behavior
  • lack of attention

-symptoms present before age 12
-symptoms last more than 6 months
interfere with functioning or development

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7
Q

ADHD PATHO AND ETIOLOGY

A
  • unclear
  • neurotransmitter deficits
  • delay in brain maturation
  • genetic factors
  • biologic factors
  • environmental risk factors - lead exsposure, fetal infection
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8
Q

ADHD NON PHRAM THERAPY

A

ENVIRNMENTAL MODIFICATION

  • decreasing stimulation
  • calm environment
  • classroom adjustments
  • structured daily routine

BEHAVIORAL THERAPY

  • rewards for desired behaviors
  • consequences for problem behaviors
  • point system
  • established cues
  • involve parents and teachers
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9
Q

ADHD PAHRM THERAPY

A
  • mechanism of action on symptoms not well understood

STIMULANTS

  • methylphenidate( ritlan)
  • amphetamine- dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
  • dexmethylphenidate (focalin)
  • oral and patch formulations

side effects- headches, anorexia, insomnia

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10
Q

ADHD PHARM NON STIMULANTS

A 
atomoxetine- selective norepinephrine inhibitors
buproprion - antidepressant 
clonidine- adrenergic agent 
-aggressiveness
-impulsivity 
- hyperactivitey
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11
Q

ADHD NURSING INTERVENTIONS

A
  • administer medications
  • minimize environmental distractions
  • implement behavioral management plans
  • provide education
  • promote self esteem
  • provide emotional support
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12
Q

AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER OVERVIEW

A
  • 1 in every 88 births in the USA
  • 5 times more common among boys than girls
  • equal prevalence across cultural groups
  • typically recognized in 2nd year of life
  • symptoms range from mild to severe
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13
Q

AUTISM SYMPTOMS

A 
IMPAIRMENT IN 
-communication 
- social interaction 
- adapting to new sitiuations 
attention span 
ability to organize responses to situations

REPETITIVE , RESTRICTIVE, STEREOTYPED BEHAVIORS

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14
Q

AUTISM PATHO AND ETIOLOGY

A
  • unknown
  • genetic
  • immunological
  • environmental
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15
Q

AUTISM NON PHARM THERAPY

A
  • early intervention
  • behavior management
  • therapy- play, speech and language,PT and OT

Nutrition

  • gluten free
  • vitamins(A,C, B6,Omega 3)
  • antacids
  • detoxification
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16
Q

AUTISM PHARM THERAPY

A

-no medication indicated for autism
- medications manage associated symptoms
stimulants
SSRIs
mood stabilizers

17
Q

AUTISM NURSING INTERVENTIONS

A
  • prevent injury
  • provide anticipatory guidance
  • stabilize environmental stimuli
  • provide supportive care
  • enhance communication
  • facilitate community based care
18
Q

OPPOSITIONAL DEFIENT DISORDER OVERVIEW

A
  • disobedient, hostile, defient behavior
  • estimated 1-6% of children and adolescence
  • typically appears in late prechool/early school age
  • 1/4 do not continue to meet diagnostic criteria over next several years
19
Q

OPPOSITIONAL DEFIENT DISORDER symptoms

A
  • angry irritable mood
  • argumentive/ defient behavior
  • vindictiveness
  • typically interfers with relationships and school performance
20
Q

ODD RISK FACTORS

A
  • genetic
  • biological
  • psychological factors- cant process social ques
  • social /environmental factors
21
Q

ODD TREATMENT

A
  • parent management therapy
  • family therapy
  • cognitive problem solving skills training
  • social skills programs
  • medications foe coexisting conditions
22
Q

ODD NURSING INTERVENTIONS

A

behavior management

  • consistent rules
  • address unacceptable behavior
  • reinforce positive behavior
  • consequences for negative behavior
  • reinforce positive behavior
23
Q

CONDUCT DISORDER OVERVIEW

A
  • behaviors that violates rules and or rights of others
  • often follows ODD but not always
  • rare onset after 18 year
  • symptoms often present before 10 years
24
Q

CONDUCT DISORDER SYMPTOMS

A
  • aggression to people and animals
  • destruction tpo property
  • deceitfulness, lying or stealing
  • serious rule violation
25
Q

CONDUCT DISORDER RISK FACTORS

A

environmatal

boliogical

genetic

co morbidities 
-mood disorders
-subatsnce abuse
anxiety 
-PTSD
-ADHD
-learning disorders
26
Q

CONDUCT DISORDER TREATMENT

A

-family therapy
-behavioral management
- specialized residential treatment
- medications for comorbidities and symptoms
- stimulants/clonidine
- mood stabilizers
-antidepressants
anti anxiety

27
Q

EXSPOSURE TO TRUMA

A

variable symptoms

  • anxiety
  • depression
  • dissociation
  • anger
  • withdrawl
  • attachment difficulty
28
Q

STAGED MODEL OF TREATMENT FOR TRAUMA

A

STAGE ONE

  • provide safety and stabilization
  • creating a safe and predictable environment

STAGE TWO

  • reduce arousal
  • find comfort from others
  • overcome avoidance and work with memories
  • help patient learn strategies

STAGE THREE

  • developemtal skills
  • problem solving
  • goal development
29
Q

POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

A

-direct experience or witnessing
-most common trauma exsposuress
physical abuse
sexual abuse
violence
kidnapping
terrorist attacks
accidents
natural diasters

30
Q

PAOSTTRUAMATIC STRESS DISORDER SYMPTOMS

A

-intrusive memories of event
-recurrent frightening dreams
- dissociative reactions including flashbacks
- intense psychological distress when reminded
- play that includes elements or event
- behaviors not developmentally expected
- avoidance of reminders
negative alterations in cognition and mood

31
Q

PTSD COLLABORATIVE INTERVENTIONS

A
  • trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
  • psychological first aid
  • relaxation techniques
  • medications for symptoms
32
Q

EARLY ONSET DISORDERS

A
  • depression
  • bipolar disorder
  • anxiety disorder
  • schizophrenia
33
Q

EARLY ONSET DEPRESSION

A

TODDLERS
-can show regression behaviors

PRESCHOOLERS

  • destructive play
  • whne, show irritability, and lack of confidence
SCHOOL AGED 
academic struggles 
change in physical activity 
somatic complaints 
loss of friends 
signs of boredom 
low self esteem 
ADOLESCENTS 
talk of running away 
academic struggles 
lack of involvement in activities 
poor self care 
- difficulties with parents or teachers
focus on violence
34
Q

SUICIDE RISK FACTORS

A 
family history of SI
exsposure to family violence impulsivity 
impulsivity 
substance abuse
availability to lethal means
35
Q

BIPOLARDISORDER

A

-overly silly mood or joyful mood
-sleeping little without feeling tired
-talking a lot
-extremely short temper
-unusual irritability
- engagement in high risk behaviors
may also have typical adult symptoms

36
Q

ANXIETY

A

-generalized anxiety disorder symptoms same as adult
- intense worry over a long period of time
- separation axiety
-developmentally inappropriate
excessive anxiety about separation
recurrent distress when sepaerated
impairs functioning
onset prior to 18

37
Q

EARLY ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA

A
  • unusual behaviors
  • shyness,hesitancy,withdrawl, cognitive dysfunction
  • experience more hallucinations than delusions
  • childish theme of hallucinations may be noted
    increased likelihood of experiencing
    developmental delay
    hospitalization
    more severe symptoms
    functional problems

Psych (8 decks)

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