Disorders of bone health including osteoporosis (pie, look at the MSK biochem osteoporosis notes)

Question 1

Define osteoporosis

Answer 1

Progressive systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and likelyhood of fracture

Question 2

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for the development of osteoporosis ?

Answer 2

• Age
• Gender
• Ethnicity
• Previous fracture
• Family history
• Early menopause ≤ 45 years

Question 3

What are the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis ?

Answer 3

• BMI
• Alcohol
• Weight
• Smoking
• Physical inactivity

Question 4

What are some of the common fracture sites due to osteoporosis ?

Answer 4

• Neck of femur
• Vertebral body
• Distal radius
• Humeral neck

Question 5

How is osteoporosis diagnosed ?

Answer 5

DEXA scan

Question 6

What are some of the secondary causes of osteoporosis ?

Answer 6

• Hyperthyroidism
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Cushings disease
• Coeliacs
• IBD
  Chronic kidney disease etc

Question 7

What is the diet management of osteoporosis ?

Answer 7

Increase dietary calcium

Question 8

What is the drug treatment of osteoporosis ?

Answer 8

• Calcium and vit D
• Bisphosphonate - e.g. alendronate and risedronate

Question 9

What are most cases of osteogenesis imperfecta secondary to ?

Answer 9

Mutations of type 1 collagen genes (COL1A1, COL1A2)

Question 10

How do bisphonsphonates work?

Answer 10

Absorbed by osteoclasts leading to cell death ==> inhibiting bone reabsorption