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Z YEAR 2 BRS GASTRO > Disorders of Appetite > Flashcards

Disorders of Appetite Flashcards

1
Q

What is water intake?

A

thirst

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2
Q

What is food intake?

A

appetite

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3
Q

What is polydypsia?

A

excessive thirst or excess drinking

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4
Q

What is adipsia?

A

inappropriate lack of thirst

- with consequent failure to drink in order to correct hyperosmolality

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5
Q

What is anorexia?

A

lack or loss of appetite for food

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6
Q

What is obesity?

A

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health

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7
Q

What are two types of poydypsia?

A
  1. Primary

2. Secondary

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8
Q

What is secondary polydypsia?

A
  • More common

* Medical issues that disrupt any step in osmoregulation or alter ADH can cause secondary polydipsia

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9
Q

Where is ADH stored?

A

posterior pituitary

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10
Q

What is ADH?

A
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin
  • Acts on the kidneys to regulate the volume & osmolality of urine
  • Collecting duct - Aquaporin 2 channel
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11
Q

What happen when plasma ADH is low?

A

large volume of urine is excreted (water diuresis)

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12
Q

What happens when plasma ADH is high?

A

small volume of urine is excreted (anti diuresis

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13
Q

What are causes of secondary polydipsia?

A
  • Chronic medical conditions
  • Medications
  • Dehydration
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14
Q

What are the chronic medical conditions that cause secondary polydipsia?

A
  • Diabetes insipidus & mellitus
  • Kidney failure
  • Conn’s syndrome
  • Addison’s disease
  • Sickle cell anaemia
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15
Q

What are the medications that cause secondary polydipsia?

A
  • Diuretics
  • Laxatives
  • Both result in dehydration
  • Antidepressants
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16
Q

What are the dehyration that cause secondary polydipsia?

A
  • Acute illness
  • Sweating
  • Fevers
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Underhydration
17
Q

What diabetes insipidus (DI)?

A

•General population - uncommon
•Related to pituitary problems
•Impaired ADH production
Treatment with desmopressin

18
Q

What is diabetes mellitus (DM)?

A
  • General population - common
  • Related to high blood sugar
  • Treatment of high blood sugar
19
Q

What are other medical conditions leading to polydipsia?

A
  1. Acute kidney failure
  2. Conn’s syndrome
    - Primary aldosteronism
  3. Addison’s disease
    - Hypoadrenocorticism
20
Q

What are the causes of primary polydipsia?

A
  • Mental illness
  • Brain injuries
  • Organic brain damage
21
Q

What are the mental health reasons for primary polydipsia?

A
  • psychogenic polydipsia (or acquired)
  • Schizophrenia
  • Mood disorders - depressionandanxiety
  • Anorexia
  • drug use
22
Q

What is polydypsia a problem?

A
  1. Kidney and bone damage
  2. Headache
  3. Nausea
  4. Cramps
  5. Slow reflexes
  6. Slurred speech
  7. Low energy
  8. Confusion
  9. Seizures
23
Q

What are the different types of adipsia?

A
  • Type A – most common
  • Type B
  • Type C
  • Type D
24
Q

What happens in adipsia?

A
  1. Increased osmolarity of urine
  2. Stimulates secretion of ADH
  3. Water retention
  4. Sensation of thirst decreases
25
Q

What is an eating disorder?

A

Mental disorderdefined by abnormal eating habits, includes:
•Binge eating disorder
•Anorexia nervosa
•Bulimia nervosa
•Pica
•Rumination syndrome
•Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

26
Q

How common are eating disorders?

A
  • Global eating disorderprevalence ↑ed from 3.4% to 7.8% between 2000 and 2018.
  • 70 million people live with eating disorder
27
Q

What are the signs of anorexia?

A

Low BMI, continuous weight loss, amenorrhea, halitosis, mood swings, dry hair, skin & hair thinning

28
Q

What are the causes of anorexia?

A

Genetic, environmental, psychological, sociological

29
Q

What is the mechanism of anorexia?

A

seretonin

30
Q

What are the classification of anorexia?

A
  1. Mild: BMI > 17
  2. Moderate: BMI of 16–16.99
  3. Severe: BMI of 15–15.99
  4. Extreme: BMI < 15
31
Q

Why is obesity increasing?

A

cheap, calorie rich/ nutrient. poor beverages, sweets and fast food

32
Q

What is involved in the screening of obesity?

A
  1. Height, weight and abdominal girth
  2. Medical history:
    - Dietary and physical activity patterns, psychosocial factors, weight-gaining medications, familial traits
  3. BMI = kg/m2
  4. BMI of ≥30 or ≥25 + comorbidity or risk factor
33
Q

What is the treatment of obesity?

A

diet + exercise

34
Q

When do people get surgical treatment of obesity?

A
  • People with a > BMI 40 or 35+ comorbidities

* Various procedures

35
Q

What is the most common type of surgical treatment of obesity?

A
  • Most common Roux-en-Y gastric bypass & sleeve gastrectomy
  • WL 5 yrs after BS: 30% - 35%
  • Remission of comorbidities
  • Diabetes (80%)
  • OSA (80%-85%
36
Q

What is GLP1 and GLP2 used for?

A
  • Stimulate insulin release

* Inhibit glucagon release

37
Q

What is ghrelin used for?

A
  • Hunger hormone

* NPY activation – initiate appetite

38
Q

What is PYY used for?

A
  • Satiety

* anorexogenic

39
Q

What are the hormonal changes after bariatric surgery?

A
  1. Chrelin reduces

2. GLP1 + GLP2 and PYY elevated

Z YEAR 2 BRS GASTRO (15 decks)

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