Disorders & Criteria

Question 1

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 1

A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history:

1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity (eg. abnormal social approach, failure of normal back-and-forth conversation, reduced sharing of interests/emotions/affect, failure to initiate or respond to social interactions)
2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction (eg. poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication, abnormalities in eye contact and body language, deficits in understanding and use of gestures, total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication)
3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships (eg. difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts, difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends, absence of interest in peers)

B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history:

1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech (eg. simple motor stereotypies, lining up toys or flipping objects, echolalia, idiosyncratic phrases).
2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior (e.g., extreme distress at small changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, greeting rituals, need to take same route or eat same food every day).
3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus (e.g., strong attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circum- scribed or perseverative interests).
4. Hyper- or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment (e.g., apparent indifference to pain/temperature, adverse response to specific sounds or textures, excessive smelling or touching of objects, visual fascination with lights or movement).

Question 2

ASD specifiers

Answer 2

Specify if:

1. With or without accompanying intellectual impairment
2. With or without accompanying language impairment
3. Associated with a known medical or genetic condition or environmental factor
4. Associated with another neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral disorder
5. With catatonia

Question 3

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 3

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder
2. ADHD

Question 4

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 4

A. A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by (1) and/or (2):

Question 5

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Answer 5

1. Delusional Disorder
2. Brief Psychotic Disorder
3. Schizophreniform Disorder
4. Schizophrenia
5. Schizoaffective Disorder

Question 6

Delusional Disorder

Answer 6

A. The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer

Question 7

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 7

A. Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

B. Duration of an episode of the disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid level of functioning

Question 8

Schizophreniform Disorder

Answer 8

A. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms

B. An episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months. When the diagnosis must be made without waiting for recovery, it should be qualified as “provisional.”

Question 9

Schizophrenia

Answer 9

A. Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3):
1. Delusions
2. Hallucinations
3. Disorganized speech
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
5. Negative symptoms

B. For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of functioning in one or more major areas (eg. work, interpersonal relations, or self-care) is markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset

C. Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet Criterion and may include periods of prodromal or residual symptoms. During these prodromal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or by two or more symptoms listed in Criterion A present in an attenuated form.

Question 10

Schizoaffective Disorder

Answer 10

A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia.

B. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode (depressive or manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness.

C. Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness.

Question 11

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Answer 11

1. Manic Episode
2. Hypomanic Episode
3. Depressive Episode
4. Bipolar 1
5. Bipolar 2

Question 12

Manic Episode (ME)

Answer 12

A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day.

B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity; 3 (or more) of the following symptoms (4 if the mood is only irritable):
1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
2. Decreased need for sleep
3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
4. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
5. Distractibility as reported or observed
6. Increase in goal-directed activity or
psychomotor agitation
7. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful conse- quences

C. The mood disturbance is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features.

Question 13

Bipolar 1

Answer 13

A. Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode (Criteria A-D)

Question 14

Hypomanic Episode (HE)

Answer 14

A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day.

B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy and activity; 3 (or more) of the following symptoms (4 if the mood is only irritable):
1. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
2. Decreased need for sleep
3. More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
4. Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
5. Distractibility as reported or observed
6. Increase in goal-directed activity or
psychomotor agitation.
7. Excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences

C. The episode is associated with an unequivocal (= no doubt) change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the individual when not symptomatic.

D. The disturbance in mood and the change in functioning are observable by others.

Question 15

Major Depressive Episode (DE)

Answer 15

A. 5 (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report or observation made by others
2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others)
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
9. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

Question 16

Bipolar 2

Answer 16

A. Criteria have been met for at leas one hypomanic episode (Criteria A-F) and at least one major depressive episode (Criteria A-C)

Question 17

Specifier ‘with psychotic features’ (for Bipolar 1 or Depressive Disorders)

Answer 17

With psychotic features: Delusions or hallucinations are present at any time in the episode. If psychotic features are present, specify if mood-congruent or mood-incongruent:
- mood-congruent: During manic episodes, the content of all delusions and hallucinations is consistent with the typical manic themes of grandiosity, invulnerability, etc., but may also include themes of suspiciousness or paranoia, especially with respect to others’ doubts about the individual’s capacities, accomplishments, and so forth.
- mood-incongruent: The content of delusions and hallucinations is inconsistent with the episode polarity themes as described above, or the content is a mixture of mood-incongruent and mood-congruent themes.

Question 18

Depressive Disorders

Answer 18

1. Major Depressive Disorder
2. Persistent Depressive Disorder

Question 19

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 19

A. 5 (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure:

1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others)
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
9. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

Question 20

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Answer 20

A. Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated by either subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years.
Note: In children and adolescents, mood can be irritable and duration must be at least 1 year.

B. Presence, while depressed, of 2 (or more) of the following:
1. Poor appetite or overeating
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia
3. Low energy or fatigue
4. Low self-esteem
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
6. Feelings of hopelessness

Question 21

Specifiers for type of persistence of PDD

Answer 21

1. With pure dysthymic syndrome: Full criteria for a major depressive episode have not been met in at least the preceding 2 years.
2. With persistent major depressive episode: Full criteria for a major depressive episode have been met throughout the preceding 2-year period.
3. With intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode: Full criteria for a major depressive episode are currently met, but there have been periods of at least 8 weeks in at least the preceding 2 years with symptoms below the threshold for a full major depressive episode.
4. With intermittent major depressive episodes, without current episode: Full criteria for a major depressive episode are not currently met, but there has been one or more major depressive episodes in at least the preceding 2 years.

Question 22

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 22

1. Specific Phobia
2. Social Anxiety Disorder
3. Panic Disorder
4. Panic Attack Specifier
5. Agoraphobia
6. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 23

Specific Phobia

Answer 23

A. Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

B. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety.

C. The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

D. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context.

E. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

Question 24

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Answer 24

A. Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. (In children, must also occur in interaction with peers)

B. The individual fears that he or she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated

C. The social situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

D. The social situations are avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context.

F. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

Question 25

Panic Disorder

Answer 25

A. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks. (= abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes) during which time 4 (or more) of the following symptoms occur:

1. Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
2. Sweating
3. Trembling or shaking
4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
5. Feelings of choking
6. Chest pain or discomfort
7. Nausea or abdominal distress
8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint
9. Chills or heat sensations
10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
11. Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from one-self)
12. Fear of losing control or “going crazy.”
13. Fear of dying

B. At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one or both of the following:

1. Persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences
2. A significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks

Question 26

Panic Attack Specifier (not an actual disorder, can be given with any other DSM disorder)

Answer 26

An abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during which time 4 (or more) of the following symptoms occur:

1. Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
2. Sweating
3. Trembling or shaking
4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
5. Feelings of choking
6. Chest pain or discomfort
7. Nausea or abdominal distress
8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint
9. Chills or heat sensations
10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
11. Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from one-self)
12. Fear of losing control or “going crazy.”
13. Fear of dying

Question 27

Agoraphobia

Answer 27

A. Marked fear or anxiety about 2 (or more) of the following five situations:
1. Using public transportation
2. Being in open spaces
3. Being in enclosed places
4. Standing in line or being in a crowd
5. Being outside of the home alone

B. The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms

C. The agoraphobic situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety.

D. The agoraphobic situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety.

E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the agoraphobic situations and to the sociocultural context.

F. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

Question 28

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 28

A. Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about events/activities/etc.

B. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry.

C. The anxiety and worry are associated with 3 (or more) of the following six symptoms:
Note: only 1 item is required in children

1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
2. Fatigued easily
3. Poor concentrating or mind going blank
4. Irritability
5. Muscle tension
6. Sleep disturbance

Question 29

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Answer 29

1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Question 30

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 30

A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both:

Obsessions are defined by (1) and (2):
1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress.
2. The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action (i.e., by performing a compulsion).

Compulsions are defined by (1) and (2):
1. Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.
2. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or are clearly excessive.

B. The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Question 31

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Answer 31

1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
2. Acute Stress Disorder
3. Adjustment Disorder

Question 32

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 32

A. Direct exposure, witnessing it occurring to others, learning that something occurred to a close friend/family or exposure to details of actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

B. Presence of 1 (or more) intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred

C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred

D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event(s)

E. Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred

F. Duration of the disturbance is more than 1 month.

Question 33

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 33

A. Direct exposure, witnessing it occurring to others, learning that something occurred to a close friend/family or exposure to details of actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

B. Presence of 9 (or more) of the following symptoms from any of the 5 categories of
- intrusion symptoms
- negative mood
- dissociative symptoms
- avoidance symptoms
- arousal symptoms

C. Duration of the disturbance is 3 days to 1 month after trauma

Question 34

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 34

A. The development of emotional/behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor

B. Clinically significant, as evidenced by one or both of the following:
- distress that is out of proportion to the severity/intensity of the stressor
- significant impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning

C. The stress-related disturbance does not meet the criteria for another mental disorder

Question 35

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 35

1. Dissociative Identity Disorder
2. Dissociative Amnesia
3. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Question 36

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 36

A. Disruption of identity characterized by 2 or more distinct personality states, which may be described of possession experience. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency, accompanied by alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition, sensory motor functioning.

B. Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal info and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting

Question 37

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 37

A. An inability to recall important autobiographical info, usually of traumatic or stressful nature that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting

Question 38

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Answer 38

A. The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization or Derealization or both:
- depersonalization = experiences of unreality, detachment or being an outside observer with respect to one’s thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions
- Derealization = experiences of unreality with respect to surroundings

B. During the experiences, reality testing remains intact

Question 39

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Answer 39

1. Somatic Symptom Disorder
2. Illness Anxiety Disorder
3. Conversion Disorder

Question 40

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 40

A. One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or results in significant disruption of daily life

B. Excessive thoughts, feelings or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health concerns as manifested by at least 1 of the following:

1. Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms.
2. Persistently high level of anxiety about health or symptoms.
3. Excessive time and energy devoted to these symptoms or health concerns.

Question 41

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 41

A. Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness.

B. Somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, are only mild in intensity.

C. There is a high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status.

D. The individual performs excessive health-related behaviors or exhibits maladaptive avoidance

Question 42

Conversion Disorder

Answer 42

A. One or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function

B. Clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical conditions

Question 43

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Answer 43

1. Anorexia Nervosa
2. Bulimia Nervosa

Question 44

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 44

A. Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health.

B. Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight.

C. Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.

Question 45

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 45

A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following:

1. Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.
2. A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

B. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain

C. The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors both occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months.

D. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.

Question 46

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

Answer 46

1. Oppositional-Defiant Disorder
2. Conduct Disorder

Question 47

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 47

A. A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months as evidenced by at least 4 symptoms (exhibited to at least 1 person who is not a sibling):

Angry/Irritable Mood
1. Often loses temper
2. Often touchy or easily annoyed
3. Often angry/resentful

Argumentative/Defiant Behavior
4. Often argues with authority figures or with adults
5. Often actively defies or refuses to comply with requests from authority figures or with rules
6. Often deliberately annoys others
7. Often blames others for his/her mistakes/behavior

Vindictiveness
8. Has been spiteful or vindictive at least twice within the past 6 months

—> does not involve illegal behavior, no violation of laws etc

Question 48

Conduct Disorder

Answer 48

A. A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated (at least 3 of the following 15 criteria in the past 12 months, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months):

Aggression to People and Animals
1. Often bullies, threatens, or intimidates others.
2. Often initiates physical fights.
3. Has used a weapon that can cause serious physical harm to others
4. Has been physically cruel to people.
5. Has been physically cruel to animals.
6. Has stolen while confronting a victim
7. Has forced someone into sexual activity.

Destruction of Property
8. Has deliberately engaged in fire setting with the intention of causing serious damage.
9. Has deliberately destroyed others’ property (other than by fire setting).

Deceitfulness or Theft
10. Has broken into someone else’s house, building, or car.
11. Often lies to obtain goods or favors or to avoid obligations
12. Has stolen items of nontrivial value without confronting a victim

Serious Violations of Rules
13. Often stays out at night despite parental prohibitions, beginning before age 13 years.
14. Has run away from home overnight at least twice while living in the parental or parental surrogate home, or once without returning for a lengthy period.
15. Is often truant from school, beginning before age 13 years.

Question 49

Alcohol Use Disorder

Answer 49

A. A problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress (at least 2, within a 12-month period):

1. Alcohol is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control alcohol use.
3. A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain alcohol, use alcohol, or recover from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use alcohol.
5. Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
6. Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of alcohol.
7. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of alcohol use.
8. Recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
9. Alcohol use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by alcohol.
10. Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:
    a. A need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol to achieve intoxication or desired effect.
    b. A markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol.
11. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:
    a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for alcohol
    b. Alcohol is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Question 50

ADHD 1

Answer 50

1. Inattention (6 or more, for at least 6 months):
   - fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
   - difficulty sustaining attention
   - often does not listen when spoken to directly
   - often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish work/chores/duties
   - difficulty organizing tasks and activities
   - avoids/dislikes/reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
   - often looses necessary things
   - often distracted by extraneous stimuli
   - often forgetful in daily activities

Question 51

ADHD 2

Answer 51

2. Hyperactivity and impulsivity (6 or more for at least 6 months):
   - fidgeting, tapping hands/feet, squirming in seat
   - often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
   - often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate
   - unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
   - is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”
   - talking excessively
   - often blurts out answer before question has been completed
   - difficulty waiting their turn
   - often interrupts or intrudes on others

Question 52

What are the DSM chapters

Answer 52

1. Neurodevelopemental disorders
2. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
3. Bipolar and Related Disorders
4. Depressive Disorders
5. Anxiety Disorders
6. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
7. Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
8. Dissociative Disorders
9. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
10. Feeding and Eating Disorders
11. Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders
12. Substance Use and Related Disorders

Question 53

ASD severity levels

Answer 53

Level 1 (Requiring support):
- social communication; noticeable impairments
- restricted, repetitive behaviors; causes significant interference with functioning
Level 2 (Requiring substantial support):
- sc; marked deficits in verbal and nonverbal social skills
- rrb; frequent enough to be obvious by casual observer
Level 3 (Requiring very substantial support:
- sc; severe deficits that cause severe impairments in functioning
- rrb; extreme difficulty, great distress