Disorders & Clinical Features

Question 1

Anxiety Disorders share features of

Answer 1

• Excessive fear and anxiety

- Related behavioural disturbances

Question 2

Fear is …

Answer 2

• the emotional response to real or perceived IMMINENT treat

Question 3

Anxiety is …

Answer 3

• anticipation of FUTURE threat

Question 4

In anxiety disorders, sometimes level of fear or anxiety is reduced by ________ _______

Answer 4

avoidance behaviours

Question 5

Anxiety disorders differ from developmentally normal fear or anxiety by

Answer 5

• being excessive

- persisting beyond developmentally normal periods

Question 6

Anxiety disorders differs from transient anxiety because the anxiety is ________

Answer 6

persistent (> 6 months)

Question 7

Occur more frequently in f/m? ratio?

Answer 7

• Females, 2:1 ratio

Question 8

Each anxiety disorder is diagnosed only when symptoms are not _________

Answer 8

• attributable to phys effects of a substance/med
• attributable to another medical condition
• explained by another mental disorder

Question 9

Separation anxiety disorder is characterized by (one phrase)

Answer 9

• Fear or anxiety of separation

Question 10

Separation Anxiety Disorder, has Criteria A -

Answer 10

D

Question 11

Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria A

Answer 11

Developmentally Inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from individual that one i attached to
- must have 3/8
PERSISTENT
1. Excessive distress when anticipating/experiencing separation
2. Worry about an untoward event (lost, kidnapped) that would separate them from attachment figure
3. Worry about losing major attachment figures or worry about harm to them
4. Reluctance or refusal to go out, leave home, go to school, work, or elsewhere
5. Fear or reluctance of being alone or without attachment figure
6. Reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home/away from AF
7. Nightmares with theme of separation
8. Physical symptoms when sep from AF occurs/anticipated

DULLFAPS

Question 12

Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria B

Answer 12

Fear, anxiety, avoidance persistent

• > 4 weeks in children
• > 6 months in adults

Question 13

Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria C

Answer 13

Disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Question 14

Separation Anxiety Disorder Criteria D

Question 15

Dementia with Lewy Body features on imaging

Answer 15

• Diffuse atrophy, with preserved medial temporal lobe structures as seen on CT or MRI

Question 16

Major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies DSM Criteria A & B

Answer 16

A - The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.

B - The disorder has an insidious onset and gradual progression

Question 17

Major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies - C (main criteria)

Answer 17

PROBABLE : 2 core features, or 1 suggestive feature with 1 or more core features.
POSSIBLE: only one core feature, or one or more suggestive features.

CORE Features

• Fluctuating cognition with pronounced variations in attention and alertness.
• Recurrent visual hallucinations that are well formed and detailed.
• Spontaneous features of parkinsonism, with onset subsequent to the development of cognitive decline.

SUGGESTIVE features:

• Meets criteria for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.
• Severe neuroleptic sensitivity.

FHPREMN

Question 18

Major or mild neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies - findings on MRI

Answer 18

Diffuse atrophy with sparing of medial temporal lobes

Question 19

Delirium DSM Criteria

Answer 19

AA SBF A

A - disturbance in ATTENTION (i.e., reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention) and AWARENESS(reduced orientation to the environment).

B - develops over a SHORT period of time (usually hours to a few days), represents a change from BASELINE attention and awareness, and tends to FLUCTUATE in severity during the course of a day.

C - An additional disturbance in cognition (e.g., memory deficit, disorientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception).

D - The disturbances in Criteria A and C are NBE by another preexisting, established, or evolving neurocognitive disorder and do not occur in the context of a severely reduced level of arousal, such as coma.

E - There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is a DIRECT PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCE of another medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal (i.e., due to a drug of abuse or to a medication), or exposure to a toxin, or is due to multiple etiologies.

Question 20

Delirium Findings on EEG

Answer 20

• Slowing or dropout of the posterior dominant rhythm
• Loss of Generalized theta or delta slow-wave activity
• Poor organization of the background rhythm
• Loss of reactivity of the EEG to eye opening and closing

Question 21

Treatment of Enuresis

Answer 21

1. Bell-and-pad method

If refractory,

2. Desmopressin
3. Imipramine

Question 22

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 22

For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.

During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.

Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or hypomanic episode have never been met.

The symptoms in Criterion A are not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder.

The symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).

The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.