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Ortho Foot And Ankle > Disorders and Interventions > Flashcards

Disorders and Interventions Flashcards

1
Q

Interventions for ACUTE PHASE

A
  • decrease pain, inflammation,and swelling
  • protect healing area from re-injury
  • re-establis pain free ROM
  • prevent muscle atrophy
  • increase WB tolerance
  • increase neuromuscular control
  • maintain fitness levels
  • attain independence with a home exercise program
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2
Q

Rehabilitation Principles of the Foot and Ankle (4 Phases)

A

Restricted phase
Restoration phase
Reacquisition phase
Refinement phase

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3
Q

Functional Progressions of Interventions

A 
decreased --> increased load
low --> high reps
bilateral --> unilateral
eyes open --> eyes closed
stable surface ---> unstable surface
concentrated--> distracted
slow--> fast
controlled --> uncontrolled
closed --> open environment
linear--> angular
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4
Q

normal MMT for gastroc

A

25 heel raises

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5
Q

Dutton’s Classification pattern 4b (posture)

A

Pronated - may need motion control (weak/hypermobile/flat foot)

Supinated/stiff foot- may need shock absorption (pes cavus, pes cavovarus, pes equinovarus)

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6
Q

What are musculo-skeletal concerns for you athletes?

A

prone more to apohysitis than tendonitis

growing cartilage more susceptible to insult than adult cartilage

growing cartilage more susceptible than joint and ligs to torsional forces

epiphyseal injuries account for 1/3 of all pediatric fractures

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7
Q

Causes of toeing-in in children

A
  • pronated feet, metatarsus varus, talipes varus, equinovarus
  • tibia varum and developmental genuvarum, abnormal medial tibial torsion
  • abnormal femoral anteversion, spasticity of medial rotators of hip
  • maldirected acetabulum
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8
Q

Causes of out-toeing in children

A
  • pes valgus due to triceps surae contraction
  • talipes calcaneovalgus
  • lateral tibial torsion
  • hypoplasia of fibula
  • abnormal femoral retroversion
  • maldirected acetabulum
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9
Q

Slater Harris Classifications

A

I- transverse fx through growth plate
II-fx through growth plate and metaphysis
III-fx through growth plate and epiphysis
IV- fx through growth plate, metaphysis, and epiphysis
V- compression fracture of growth plate

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10
Q

What is club foot?

A

talipes equinovarus

  • adduction, inversion of forefoot and midfoot, calcaneal varus, fixed equinus
  • postural and congenital

PT Intervention:

  • manipulation of foot
  • serial casting 2-3 months
  • achilles stretching
  • abduction bar

-ponsetti method-casting and stretching

IF conservative treatment fails:

  • soft tissue surgery
  • lateral column shortening
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11
Q

idiopathic toe walking

A
  • should have heel toe pattern by age 2
  • linked to parental history
  • treatment based upon age and if there’s a tendon contracture

IF <3 or 4 years old and minimal contracture:
conservative treatment of stretching, maybe serial casting

Diff diagnosis: muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, developmental delay

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12
Q

Metatarsal Deformities

A

metatarsus adductus- TMT joint
metatarsus varus- TMT joint
metatarsus adductovarus- TMT joint
forefoot adductus- MTJ

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13
Q

Claw toes

A

IP joints flexed, fixed or flexible and associated with cavus foot and neuromuscular disorders–metatarsalgia

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14
Q

hammer toes

A

PIP flexed but DIP and MTP hyper-extended

congenital/acquired

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15
Q

mallet toe

A

DIP flexed

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16
Q

NWB & STJN: Forefoot valgus can be seen with what other symptoms? gait? Rx?

A
  • callus 1st and 5th met. heads
  • muscle fatigue
  • lateral knee strain
  • flexion contracture of lesser digits
  • inversion sprains
  • gait: inadequate/ no pronation at midstance, excessive supination at heel strike

Rx: lateral forefoot wedge or medial relieft

17
Q

NWB & STJN: Rearfoot varus can be seen with what other symptoms? gait? Rx?

A
  • callus 4th and 5th met heads
  • haglands deformities
  • HAV

gait: increased internal rotation of LE throughout stance, early and excessive pronation

Rx: medial rearfoot wedge

18
Q

NWB & STJN: Rearfoot valgus can be seen with what other symptoms? gait? Rx?

A

medial ankle pain
leg muscle fatigue
HAV

Gait: abducted rearfoot with excessive valgus stress at knee, little or no supination throughout gait cycle

19
Q

NWB & STJN: forefoot varus can be see with what? Gait? Rx?

A
  • callus 2,4,5
  • muscle fatigue
  • 4th and 5th hammer toes
  • HAV
  • plantar fascitis

gait: early and excessive pronation along with excessive IR of entire LE throughout stance

Rx: medial forefoot wedge

Ortho Foot And Ankle (4 decks)

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