Disorders Flashcards
Pruritus
Itching
Urticaria (Hives or Wheals)
Sudden appearance of edematous, raised pink areas called wheals, that itch and burn.
- S/sx: pruritus, edema, burning pain, dyspnea (anaphylaxis)
- Dx: Hx, allergy test, IgE antibodies
- Tx: Antihistamines; epinephrine(opens airways)
- Nursing: Therapeutic baths
Angioedema
Urticaria in SubQ tissue
- S/Sx: burning, pruritus, acute pain, respiratory distress
- Dx: Hx, Inspection
- Tx: antihistamines, epinephrine, corticosteroids
- Nursing; cold packs and cold compresses, teach medical alert bracelet, avoid allergen
Vitiligo
Areas of skin lacking pigmentation; pale, white looking skin.
- S/Sx: areas of non pigmentation
- Dx: inspection and Hx.
- Tx: no effective tx, may have melanocyte transplant.
- Nursing: Psychosocial support.
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Associated w/ tripple A (Allergies Asthma Atopic Dermatitis)
- S/Sx: papular and vesicular lesions surrounded by errythema, yellow tenacious exudate, priritus, scratching.
- Dx: hx, diet elimination, skin testing, IgE
- Tx: hydration of the skin, topical steroids
- Nursing: warm soaks 15-20min followed by occlussive ointment, wet dressings.
Allergies to choc, eggs, wheat and OJ.
Contact Dermatitis
Hypertensive, inflammatory reaction.
- S/sx: burning, pain, pruritis, edema, vesicles and papules.
- Dx: hx, ID testing, IgE, eosinophils
- Tx: identify cause, corticosteroids, antihistamines.
- Nursing: Rinse area with Burows solution, cool environment, cold compresses, daily baths with oil, keep nails short, loose light clothing.
*common causes; detergents, soaps, chemicals and plants.
Dermatitis Venenata
Contact with certain plants
Exfoliative Dermatitis
infestation by certain heavy metals, or antibiotics, aspirin, codeine, gold or iodine.
skin peeling
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
Drug alergies
Warts (Verruca)
brown or yellow papules caused by hpv
- S/sx: rough, nipplelike growths.
- Dx: inspection and history
- Tx: electrodessication, cryosurgey, laser, keratolytic agents.
- Nursing: teach prevetion.
Impetigo Contagiosa
Caused by Staph, strep or mixed flora.
- S/sx: honey colored lesions, inadequate hygene,
- Dx: hx, culture, and inspection.
- Tx: antibiotics.
- Nursing: teach hygene, infection control.
highly contagious
Folliculitis
staph infection around hair follicle, caused by prolonged moisture, trauma and poor hygene.
- S/sx: white pustules or follicular nodules
- Dx: inspection and hx.
- Tx: topical hygene, topical and systemin actibiotics.
- Nursing: teach hygene, handwashing.
Furuncle (boil)
inflammation in the hair follicle (folliculitis) spreading to surrounding skin
Carbuncle
cluster of furuncles
Felons
soft tissue around nails infected.
Skin infections
- s/sx: assoc. c folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, felon; erythema, edema, pain, pruritus.
- Dx: physical ex, health hx, inspection, cultur.
- Tx: draining the lesionand applying local antibiotics.
- Nursing: warm soaksdressing changes.
Herpes Simplex
caused by direct contact with herpes virus
- S/sx: vesicles, that appear, ulcerate, and crust, burning pain, malaise.
- Dx: culture, inspection, Hx.
- Tx: Acyclovir-decreases s/sx infection control, warm compresses, tylenol.
- Nursing: teach prevention, infection control.
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Caused by herpes varicella (chickenpox)
- S/sx: Unilateral vesicular rash, ALONG NERVE, preceded by pain.
- Dx: culture, inspection, hx
- Tx: Acyclovir
- Nursing: CONTROL PAIN, prevent secondary infection, proper diet, and vit C.
Cellulitis
Infection of the skin caused by staph and strep
- S/sx: erythema, edema, tenderness, warmth, vesicles, bullae.
- Dx: appearance, s/sx, culture, CBC
- Tx: Antibiotics
- Nursing: antibiotics, warm moist dressing chnages, analgesics.
underluoing tissue of the skin
Fungal Infections
*Tinea Capitis: painful lesions around edges of scalp.
*Tinea Corporis (ringworm): flat, erythematous circular lesions with clear centers.
*Tinea Pedis (athletes foot): fisssures and vesicles between the toes.
it spreads.
- Dx: Woods light or lamp.
- Tx: antifingal drugs
- Nursing: Keep keet clean and dry, apply antifungal medications, encourrage cotton socks, sandals, or going barefoot.
Lyme Disease
Tick borne infectious diseasecaused by bacteria that occurs in 3 stages:
- Early (primary) localized: bulls eye rash at site of bite.
- Early (secondary) disseminated infection: migrating pain, dizziness, palpitations, and neurological syptoms.
- Latent (tertiary) persistent infection: severe disabling sx.
- Dx: Elisa test, if positive, confirmed with western blot test.
- Tx: antibiotics, anti inflammatory drugs.
- Nursing: teach prevention use of insect repellant, light colored clothes, long sleeves and long pants, high boots.
Pediculosis
Parasitic infestaion with lice,
- Tx: pediculocides such as Kwell or Rid
- Nursing: teach hygene nd prevention, wash linens in hot water, bag unwashable items.
Scabies
Parasitic infestation with the female itch mite
- S/sx: brown wavy, threadlike lines on body, severe pruritis, excoriation.
- Tx: Kwell, rid, eurax
- Nursing: prevention, contact isolation
Acne Vulgaris
-S/sx: paplopustular skin eruptions in sebaceous glands.
Risk Factors for skin cancer
- exposure to sun
- fair skin, blue eyes, red or blond hair, freckles.
- family history
Basal Cell Carcinoma
usualy scaly but may apear as a pearly papule with center craterand waxy border or lump that does not bleed.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
firm, nodular, with crust or central ulcer
sore that does not heal
Malignant Melanoma
Most dangerous of skin cancers, easily spreads, requires aggressive intervention.
ID of skin malignancies
A: Asymmetrical B: irregular border C: color D: increase in diameter E: elevated surface
Psoriasis
Chronic, nininfectious.
- S/sx: silvery, scaly plaques, pitted and discolored nails.
- Tx: topical steroids, vitamin D
- Nursing: chronic and incurable, goal is to slow proliferation.
- skin cells divide much more rapidly than normal.
Hyper-trichosis (hirsutism)
excessive growth of hair
Hypotrichosis
absence of hair or decrease in hair growth
Alopecia
los of hair
Paronychia
disorder of the nails. ingrown nails.infection that spreads around the nail.
