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COTA Psychiatric/Cognitive Disorders > Disorders > Flashcards

Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Echopraxia

A

meaningless imitation of another person’s movements

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2
Q

Catatonia

A

immobility or rigidity

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3
Q

Stereotypy

A

repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech

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4
Q

Psychomotor Agitation

A

excessive motor and cognitive activity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension

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5
Q

Psychomotor Retardation

A

decreased or slowed motor and cognitive activity

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6
Q

Akathisia

A

state of restlessness characterized by an urgent need for movement, usually a side effect of med

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7
Q

Circumstantiality

A

speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive or irrelevant details

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8
Q

Tangentiality

A

abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic

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9
Q

Perserveration of Thought

A

a persistent focus on a previous topic or behavior after a new topic/behavior has been introduced

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10
Q

Poverty of Speech

A

limited in amount, one-word answers

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11
Q

Poverty of Content of Speech

A

speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little info due to vagueness, lack of specificity, and limited detail

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12
Q

Perserveration of Speech

A

continued, persistent repetition of a work or phrase, often in response to different stimuli or different questions

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13
Q

Nominal Aphasia

A

in ability to name objects

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14
Q

Agnosia

A

inability to process sensory info

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A. two (or more) of the following :

 1. delusions
 2. hallucinations
 3. disorganized speech
 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
 5. negative symptoms

B. disturbance in one or more areas of func

C. continuous signs for at least 6 months including at least 1mo of symps from A

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16
Q

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

Preoccupation with one or more delusions of persecution or grandeur. auditory hallucinations

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17
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

The pt meets the criteria for schizophrenia; however, the episode lasts more than 1mo but less than 5mo req for schizophrenia dx

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18
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

uninterrupted period of illness where there is

a major mood episode (depressive, manic, mixed) concurrent with criterion A of schizophrenia

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19
Q

Delusional Disorder

A

nonbizarre delusions with the absence of other criterion A symps of schizophrenia

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20
Q

Brief Psychotic Disorder

A

A. presence of 1 or more of following symptoms

 1. delusions
 2. hallucinations
 3. disorganized speech
 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

B. duration at least 1 day but less than 1 month

C. not better explained by another disorder

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21
Q

Schizo Spectrum Disorders Functional Impact

A

deficits in processing sensory info making interaction w/environment difficult

lost or failed to develop social and communication skills

deficits in cognitive func due to thought disorders and difficulties with performance of basic skills with all areas of occupation

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22
Q

Traditional Antipsychotic Meds

A

used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia), and acute mania, agitation, and other conditions.
Not freq used, but still prescribed

Side effects include: dry mouth, muscle stiffness, muscle cramping, tremors, weight-gain, parkinsonism, dystonias, and akathisia.

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23
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

an autonomic emergency leading to increased b/p, tachycardia, sweating, convulsions, and coma. complication of typical antipsychotics

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24
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

caused by long-term use or high-dose of antipsychotic meds characterized by abnormal, involuntary, irregular movements of the head, limbs, and trunk, often presenting as slow, rhythmic, automatic, stereotyped movements

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25
Q

Neuroleptic-Induced Parkinsonism

A

an antipsychotic caused disorder that presents with muscle stiffness, cogwheel rigidity, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and drooling

26
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics

A

used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and as an adjunct in major depressive disorder.

Side effects vary. Can include dry mouth, blurry vision, sedation, dizziness, hypotension, insomnia, confusion

27
Q

Manic Episode

A

A. period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least 1wk

B. 3 or more of following symptoms 
   1. grandiosity
  2. decreased need for sleep
  3. more talkative than usual or pressured speech
  4. flight of ideas or racing thoughts
  5. distractibility
  6. increase in goal-directed activity or 
          psychomotor agitation
  7. increased risky behaviors
28
Q

Bipolar I Disorder

A

One or more manic episodes

May be combined with depressive episodes

29
Q

Bipolar II Disorder

A

One or more major depressive episodes

There must be at least one hypomanic episode

30
Q

Dysthymia

A

at least 2yrs of a depressed episode, most days, with depressive symps that are not severe enough to meet criteria for major depressive episode

31
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

at least 2yrs with numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symps that do not meet criteria for a manic or major depressive episode

32
Q

Hypomanic Episode

A

Symptoms are same as manic episode but not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational func or to req hospitalization

33
Q

Treatment for Manic Episode

A

Antipsychotic

Mood Stabilizer
Side effects- excessive thirst, tremors, excessive urination, wt gain, nausea, diarrhea, and cognitive impairment

Anticonvulsants
Side effects- dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, wt gain, sedation

34
Q

OT Considerations For Manic Intervention

A

Activities that provide release of excess energy

Periods between manic episodes should be used to educate

35
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

A. 5 or more of following symptoms during same 2
week period
1. depressed mood most of day nearly every day
2. markedly diminished interest or pleasure
3. significant weight loss/ gain or decrease/increase in
appetite
4. insomnia or hypersomnia
5. psychomotor agitation/retardation
6. fatigue, loss of energy
7. feelings of worthlessness or guilt
8. diminished ability to concentrate or indecisiveness
9. recurrent thoughts of death/suicide (with or w/o plan)

36
Q

Panic Attacks

A 
abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within 10min, with 4 or more or the 
following symptomsr:
   1. palpitations
   2.sweating
   3. trembling or shaking
   4. sensations of SOB or smothering
   5. feelings of choking
   6. chest pain or discomfort
   7. nausea or abdominal distress
  8. feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, faint
   9. chills or heat sensations
  10. paresthesias 
  11. derealization or depersonalization
  12. fear of losing control or “going crazy”
  13. fear of dying
37
Q

Agoraphobia

A

anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing or in which help may not be available if needed

situations are avoided or endured w/anxiety about having a panic attack

38
Q

Panic Disorder

A

recurrent unexpected panic attacks

at least one of the attacks has been followed
by 1 month or more of one or both of the
Following
1. persistent concern or worry about having
another attack or consequences
2. significant maladaptive change in behavior
related to attacks

39
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities

40
Q

Considerations for OT Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

A

skills training and cognitive behavioral approaches may reduce avoidant behavior

relaxation and stress management skills

graded actv that promote self-efficacy

41
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

dx in pt who display a lifelong pattern of social withdrawal

seen by others as isolated, eccentric, lonely

42
Q

Schizotypal

A

appear odd or strange in their thinking and behavior

magical thinking, peculiar ideas, illusions, and derealization

43
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

exp unstable affect, mood, behavior, relationships, and self-image

fear of real or imagined abandonment leads to frantic efforts to avoid it

re-current self-destructive or self-mutilation behavior carried out or threatened

44
Q

Global Deterioration Scale

A

1 No cognitive decline

2 Very mild cognitive decline (Forgetfulness)
Deficit in word finding

3 Mild cognitive decline (Early confusional)
Decreased performance in demanding employment

4 Mod cognitive decline (Late confusional)
Decreased ability to perform complex tasks (finances)
Cannot manage home w/o assist

5 Mod severe cognitive decline (Early dementia)
Needs assist choosing proper attire
Poor judgement

6 Severe cognitive decline (Mid dementia)
May be incontinent; needs assist dressing and proper
bathing

7 Very severe cognitive decline (Late dementia)
Freq no speech, only grunting
Loss of ability to walk, sit up, hold head up, smile
Req assist for toileting and feeding

45
Q

Eating Disorder Considerations for OT

A

Building trust is essential to effective intervention

Practitioner must be honest, supportive, and gently confrontational

Eval and intervention must include the needs the eating disorder fulfilled

Non-food related ares of interest and meaningful purposeful actvs should be pursued

Ed about nutrition and healthy leisure actv

46
Q

Autism Crieteria

A

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple domains

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. This may include: fixed routines, ritualized patterns, altered sensitivity and reactivity to sensory input

Symptoms present early in life ( 12-24 months or earlier) and cause significant impairment in social and/or occupational functioning.

47
Q

Autism Signs in Infants

A

Low muscle tone

Hates baths, dressing or diaper changes

Startles easily when touched

Does not calm when held; may prefer to lie in the crib

Stiffens when picked up

48
Q

Characteristics of Autism

A

Low muscle tone

Interested in parts of toys or mechanical objects

Seems unaware of surroundings

Does not make eye contact

Does not relate to others

Sleep problems

Hyperactive

Fixates on one object

49
Q

Children with Autism may…

A

May have restricted areas of higher functioning, and difficulty generalizing

May have self aggressive behaviors

May have seizure disorders and/or ADHD

May have difficulty with visual and auditory processing

Have difficulty with changes of routines and environments, difficulty transitioning between activities

50
Q

Children Autism Deficits in Function

A

Poor gross and fine motor coordination

Decreased orientation in space and decreased balance

Difficulty processing tactile and proprioceptive activity

Level of attention and arousal are less than optimal, affecting learning and performance

Limited repertoire of coping skills

51
Q

Rett Syndrome

A

rare genetic neurological and developmental disorder that affects the way the brain develops. It occurs almost exclusively in girls.

develop normally at first, but after about 6 months of age, they lose skills they previously had — such as the ability to crawl, walk, communicate or use their hands.

stereotypical movements such as handwringing and licking, biting, and slapping of fingers

52
Q

Autism Spectrum Considerations for OT

A

Develop sensorimotor, social interaction, vocational readiness, and community integration

Provide adaptive and positioning equip to facilitate func

Rett’s synd may req adaptions to maintain the integrity of skin, such as dynamic elbow splinting to inhibit hand-to-mouth patterns

53
Q

ADHD Considerations for OT

A

Environmental mods and actv adaptions to structure the school or work environment

Training in social skills and self-management

Interventions to promote sensory modulation

54
Q

OCD Eval

A

Individuals with OCD frequently experience time consuming compulsions having to do with thoughts and/or actions.

Limiting the time available to answer questions will help these individuals structure their time and be able to more effectively complete the evaluation process.

55
Q

Cooperative Groups for Personality Disorders

A

Because the underlying issues for most personality disorders are related to inaccurate perceptions of the self and others, this treatment approach should directly address these problems.

A cooperative group format offers a wide variety of feedback about the specific interactions that occur. The group activity should be based on a central goal of reducing misperceptions.

56
Q

IQ Range 55-69

A

indicates mild intellectual disability

Ability to learn academic skills at 3rd-7th grade lvl; able to work w/min support

Min support req

57
Q

IQ Range 40-54

A

Indicates mod intellectual disability

Able to learn academic skills to at least 2nd grade lvl and perform unskilled as well as some skilled work tasks

focus acquiring indepen in routine daily skills and skills necessary to perform in desired occupations with supports and structures

limited support and assist may be req in specific occupational performance areas on a daily basis

Supervised living is req

58
Q

IQ Range 25-39

A

indicates severe intellectual disability

Focus on communication skills and some basic health habits

Assist is req for performance of most tasks in all performance areas on a daily basis

Supervised living is req

Significant impairments in motor func and physical develop are typical

59
Q

IQ 25 OR Below

A

Assist and ongoing supervision are req for basic survival skills

Significant impairments in motor func and physical develop are typical

Supervised living is req

60
Q

Discharge Activity Recommendations for Anxiety Disorders

A

Gross motor activities, involving either aerobic exercise or stretching and relaxation, can help to reduce the physical symptoms associated with anxiety.

COTA Psychiatric/Cognitive Disorders (3 decks)

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