Disorders Flashcards
what is the gold standard diagnostic test for sleep apnea
polysomnogram
what is the minimum % acceptable for the FEV1/FVC ratio at which if it dropped below would indicate an obstructive dz
70%
What are the examples (mnemonic) of obstructive resp. dz
CBABE (cystic fibrosis, bronchitis (chronic) asthma, bronchiectasis, and emphysema
examples of restrictive dz
fibrosis, scoliosis, neuromuscular defect (EB)
can get air in but not out
obstructive (flow)
can’t get air in, can get air out
restrictive (volume)
describe a primary etiology for pneumothorax (non lung dz)
tall, thin, M 10-30 yrs (Smoking, FH, or rupture of subpleural blebs)
Describe a secondary cause of pneumothorax (lung dz)
Pseudomonas jiroveci, complication of COPD, asthma, CF, TB, sarcoidosis)
what does a paraneumonic effusion refer to
exudates of bacterial pneumonia
which diagnostic procedure would you use tfor suspected pleural effusion
thoracentesis
what are some causes of pleural effusion? (5 total)
increased fluid w/ nml cap, secondary to increased hydrostatic p. or decreased oncotic p.; abnl cap perm. decreased lymph clearance; infxn of pleural space(empyema), bleeding into space
what is the diagnostic procedure for pneumothorax
chest xray showing pleural line
how would you tx a pneumothorax
for cases <15% hemithorax observe w/ O2 otherwise chest tube and if fail=tube thoracostomy
what are PE findings w/ pneumothorax
decreased BS, tactile fremitus, movement of chest;
what would u find with tension pneumothorax
tachycardia, hypotension; mediastinal/tracheal shift
what are some PE findings w/ a pleural effusion
large-dullness to percussion, decreased/absent BS over effusion, possible breath & egophony just above effusion if compressive atelectasis, pleural friction rub
what do you suspect with analyzing chemistries (PFP/SP>.5 or PF LDH to S LDD>.6 or PF LDH > 2./3
Exudate (cancer or bacteria pneumonia)
if chemistries are normal for a thoracentesis what would you suspect
transudate
what causes 90% of transudate pleural effusions
heart failure
what disease process would be indicated by a costophrenic blunting on chest xray
pleural effusion
signs/sx with pleural effusion
dyspnea, cough, chest pain
what is the pathophys behind hyaline membrane dz
lung dz caused by surfactant defeciency
what age population is affected by RDS Hyaline membrane dz
premature infants <32 weeks..
what are the risk factors for hyaline membrane dz
premature gestation, C-delivery w/ out being in labor, perinatal asphyxia, being the 2nd of twins
how would you tx hyaline membrane dz
antenatal steroids, early postnatal surfactant therapy, & gentle ventilation to redue barotrauma to immature lungs
sleep apnea is defined by a pause in breathing lasting >/= to and a drop in airflow >/= to
10 seconds,
w 90% drop in airflow
