Disorders Flashcards
Nevus
Also known as a mole, this is a noncancerous growth on the skin that’s made up of melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. They can appear anywhere on the body, and they are usually brown, smooth, and slightly raised.
Desquamation
Medical term for peeling or flaking skin, which occurs when the body sheds dead skin cells from the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin. It’s a natural process that helps the skin heal and recover from damage.
Lesion
A region on the skin which has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumor.
Macule
A flat, discolored area of skin that is usually less than 1 centimeter wide and doesn’t change the skin’s texture or thickness. These are nonpalpable lesions, meaning you can’t feel them if you run your fingers over them
Sebaceous
Hyperplasia
This is a common, harmless skin condition that occurs when oil glands in the skin enlarge and form small bumps.
Actinic
Keratosis
Also known as solar keratosis, this a precancerous skin condition that appears as a rough, scaly patch or bump
Eczema
Also known as atopic dermatitis, this is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, and itchiness.
Keratosis
Pilaris
This is a common, harmless skin condition that causes small bumps to appear on the skin
Couperose
Also known as telangiectasia, this is a condition that causes visible red or purple blood vessels to appear on the face, usually on the cheeks and nose. The blood vessels can form a spider web pattern.
Urticaria
Also known as hives, this skin condition causes itchy, raised bumps or welts that can be red or flesh-colored.
Erythema
A medical term that refers to abnormal redness of the skin or mucous membranes. It can occur due to a number of possible reasons, including:
Skin injuries, Infections, Inflammation, Exposure to heat, Insect bites, Allergies, Exposure to radiation, Inflammatory bowel conditions, A reaction to certain medicines
Hyperpigmentation
A common skin condition that causes patches of skin to appear darker than the surrounding skin. It occurs when the skin produces too much melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. It can appear as freckles, age spots, or larger areas of darkened skin.
Also known as spider veins, these are small, damaged blood vessels that appear as red, blue, or purple lines on the skin. They are usually harmless and don’t cause symptoms, but they can be a cosmetic concern.
Post-Inflammatory
Hyperpigmentation
This is a skin condition that causes darkening of the skin after an area has been inflamed or injured. It can occur due to a number of reasons, including:
Acne, Eczema, Burns, Insect bites, Scrapes or cuts, Chronic rubbing, and Medical procedures.
Hypopigmentation
A condition where the skin appears lighter than normal due to a lack of melanin. It can appear as white or lighter patches of skin that can be small or widespread.
It can be caused by a number of factors, including:
Skin injuries, such as burns, cuts, or surgery, Skin disorders, such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, or seborrheic dermatitis, Certain medications, A complication of laser treatment or chemical peels.
Vitiligo
This is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes white or milky-white patches to appear on the skin, hair, or eyes.
Verruca
Also known as a plantar wart, this is a type of wart that grows on the bottom of the foot or toes. Caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), these are common in children, teenagers, and young adults. They can be contagious, but the risk of spreading them is low.
Cherry Angioma
A small, usually painless, non-cancerous, bright red or purple bump on the skin that’s made up of a cluster of tiny blood vessels.
Hyperhydrosis
A medical condition that causes excessive sweating, even when it’s not needed to regulate body temperature. It can affect the entire body or just certain areas, such as the armpits, palms, feet, face, or chest.
Pseudofolliculitus
Barbae
Also known as razor bumps, this is a skin condition that occurs when shaved hairs curl back into the skin, causing inflammation, bumps, and irritation. It’s most common in people with curly or coarse facial hair who shave too close, but can also occur in other areas where hair is shaved or plucked, such as the armpits or groin.
Xanthoma
A skin condition that occurs when cholesterol-rich material builds up under the skin, resulting in raised, waxy-appearing lesions that are often yellowish in color. They can appear anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the elbows, joints, tendons, knees, hands, feet, or buttocks.
Psoriasis
A chronic, noncontagious autoimmune disease that causes raised, inflamed, scaly patches of skin.
Wheal or Urticaria
Also known as hives,this is a skin condition that causes itchy, raised bumps or welts that can be red or flesh-colored.
Petechiae
Also known as hives,this is a skin condition that causes itchy, raised bumps or welts that can be red or flesh-colored.
Ecchymosis
A discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising
Icthyosis
This is a group of skin conditions that cause dry, scaly, and rough skin. The name comes from the Greek word for “fish” because the skin can sometimes look like fish scales.
Open Comedones
Also known as blackheads, these are a type of acne that appear as small, dark bumps on the skin.
Milia
Small, white, harmless cysts that appear on the skin, often near or on the eyelids.
Herpes Simplex
A common, highly contagious viral infection that causes painful blisters or ulcers.
Vesicle
Two types:
In the Skin: A fluid-filled sac in the skin’s outer layer, also known as a blister. These can be caused by heat, rubbing, or skin diseases. They can be as small as the top of a pin or up to 5 millimeters wide.
In a cell: These are small sacs that move substances in and out of cells. They are a vital part of many biological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and nervous system function.
Hirsutism or Hypertrichosis
Two related disorders
1. Abnormal hair growth in women in areas that are typically more hairy in men, such as the face, chest, shoulders, lower abdomen, and back. This condition is usually more bothersome for women, but it can affect both sexes.
- An increase in hair growth anywhere on the body in either sex. This condition can be generalized or localized, and the hair can be fine or thick, light or dark.
Papule
A small, raised, solid pimple or swelling, often part of acne.
Pustule
A small, inflamed, pus-filled lesion, commonly associated with acne or infection.
Cyst
A closed sac under the skin filled with fluid or semi-solid material, often resulting from blocked sebaceous glands.
Fissure
A crack in the skin that may extend into the dermis, often caused by dryness or irritation (e.g., on lips or feet).
Crust
A dried collection of serum, blood, or pus on the skin surface, often seen with healing wounds or conditions like eczema.
Nodule
A solid, raised lesion that extends deeper into the dermis, often larger than a papule, as seen in nodular acne.
Excoriation
A linear scratch mark or abrasion, often self-inflicted due to itching.
Keloid
An overgrowth of scar tissue that extends beyond the original wound, typically firm and raised.
Skin Tag
Small, benign, flesh-colored or slightly pigmented growths often found on areas of friction like the neck, underarms, or eyelids.
