disney and darwin final Flashcards

1
Q

about who you now what you know

A

accurate

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2
Q

everyone in this class (including the professor) tells you that you have never been to this class because the course was cancelled; thus, there was never a class meeting. the reason you know you had attended this class is due to your senses

A

accurate

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3
Q

two extreme views are that 1) science and religion must battle to the death, with one victorious and the other defeated, and 2) that science and religion must represent the same quest and can therefore be fully and smoothly integrated into one grand synthesis

A

accurate

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4
Q

regarding the previous question, Gould contends that (BLANK) most specifically grants dignity and distinction to each subject

A

a golden mean

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5
Q

in NOMA defined and defended, Gould posits that religion is essentially about ‘is’ and science is about ‘ought’

A

inaccurate, reversed

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6
Q

concerning the two domains of science and religion, NOMA hold that 1) equal worth and necessary status for any complete human life, and 2) that science and religion remain logically distinct and fully separate in styles of inquiry

A

accurate

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7
Q

whether good or bad, which phrase seems to carry more weight as a knowledge claim in our current western society?

A

“it’s a scientific fact that…”

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8
Q

NOMA is ‘non-overlapping magisteria’

A

accurate

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9
Q

how old were both darwin and disney when they took their travelling leaps into the unknown

A

22

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10
Q

for darwin’s funeral in Westminster Abbey, the song composed was taken from the Bible’s book of proverbs: ‘happy is the man who findeth wisdom and the man that getteth understanding’

A

Accurate

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11
Q

it is possible that the above verse helps illustrate that even the judeo-christian god states that a benefit for acquiring wisdom and understanding is happiness

A

accurate

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12
Q

due to general public denires of biological evolution, walt disney gave up the idea of human evolution in his film

A

fantasia

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13
Q

floyd norman told us that the disney he knew and worked with was not racist

A

accurate

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14
Q

norman and michael broggie told us that having failures early in careers are normal, and that walt had big failures early in his career but never gave up

A

accurate

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15
Q

walt told broggie how to achieve by having curiosity, confidence, courage, and constancy

A

accurate

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16
Q

darwin’s changing positions from species immutability to mutability was - in darwins written words - ‘like confessing a murder’

A

accurate

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17
Q

darwin departed the galapagos an evolutionist

A

inaccurate

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18
Q

‘it doesn’t take a rocket scientist - or an english naturalist - to understand why the theory of the origin of species by natural selection would be so controversial: if a new species are created naturally, what place, then, for God?”

A

accurate

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19
Q

approx how many years did Darwin wait before publishing his most important theory ?

A

20 years

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20
Q

from the time of plato and aristotle in ancient greece to the time of Darwin, nearly everyone believed that species remain fixed

A

accurate

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21
Q

‘although the scientific community is now united in agreement that evolution happened, a century and a half later the cultural world is still divided’

A

accurate

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22
Q

‘truth in science is not determined by the vox populi. it does not matter whether 99 percent or just 1 percent of the public (or politicians) accepts a scientific theory - the theory stands or falls on the evidence, and there are few theories in science that are more robust than the theory of evolution’

A

accurate

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23
Q

‘in science, the solution to problems are based on established parameters to determine whether a hypothesis is probably right or definitely wrong. statistics allow researchers to identify an event as likely to happen 99.99% of the time or as insignificant’

A

accurate

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24
Q

‘the preponderance of evidence from numerous converging lines of scientific inquiry - geology, paleontology, zoology, botany, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, population genetics, biogeography, embryology, and others - all independently converged to the same conclusion: evolution happened’

A

accurate

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25
Q

‘darwin matters … because his theory changed the world and reconfigured out position in nature’

A

accurate

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26
Q

‘of the three intellectual giants of that epoch - darwin, marx, and freud - only darwin is still relevant for the simple reason that his theory was right

A

accurate

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27
Q

‘darwin matters … because his theory changed the world and reconfigured our position in nature’

A

accurate

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28
Q

who wrote the following: ‘just because something is the way it should be and people feel comfortable, happy, and safe, why can’t it be the real world? what’s wrong with the idea that if the real world is so bad you have to go to a place that is built to enjoy it?’

A

jack lindquist

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29
Q

according to jack lindquist, walt disney didn’t use the ‘focus groups’ to help determine what experiences and objects could be created by Walt to facilitate public happiness

A

accurate

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30
Q

what did lindquist consider to be his most significant moment in his 38 years employed at disney

A

first christmas encounter

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31
Q

according to lindquist, ‘disneyland was totally walts creation, dream, vision, and biggest gamble’

A

accurate

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32
Q

epistemology is about how you know what you don’t know

A

inaccurate

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33
Q

progressive juvenilization is an evolutionary phenomenon called neteny

A

accurate

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34
Q

Children, compared with adults, have larger heads and eyes, smaller jaws, a more prominent bulging cranium, and smaller/pudgier legs and feet. Adult heads are altogether more apish” Mickey, however, has traveled this ontogenetic pathway in reverse during his 80+ years among us

A

accurate

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35
Q

Gould claims that ‘babyish features tend to elicit strong feelings of affection in adult humans, whether the biological basis be direct programming or the capacity to learn and fixed upon signals’

A

accurate

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36
Q

Gould submits “that Mickey Mouse’s evolutionary road down the course of his own growth in reverse reflects the unconscious discovery of the biological principle by Disney and his artists. In fact, emotional status of most Disney characters rests on the same set of distinctions. To this extent, the magic kingdom trades on a biological illusion - our ability to abstract and our propensity to transfer inappropriately to other animals the fitting responses we make to changing form in the growth of our own bodies.”

A

accurate

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37
Q

Donald Duck also adopts more juvenile features through time. His elongated beak recedes and his eyes enlarge; he converges on Huey, Dewey, and Louie as surely as Mickey Mouse approaches Morty. But Donald, having inherited the mantle of Mickey’s original misbehavior, remains more adult in form with his projecting beak and more sloping forehead.”

A

accurate

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38
Q

‘mouse villains or sharpies, contrasted with Mickey, are always less adult in appearance, although they often share Mickey’s chronological age”

A

accurate

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39
Q

‘and as a second, serious biological comment on mickey’s odyssey in form, I [Gould] note that his path to eternal youth repeats, in the epitome, our own evolutionary story. for humans are neotenic. we have evolved by retaining to adulthood the originally juvenile features of our ancestors. our australopithecine forebears, like Mickey in steamboat willie, have projecting jaws and low vaulted craniums’

A

accurate

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40
Q

two major factors in Gould’s argument are ‘babyish features’ and ‘affection in adult humans’

A

accurate

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41
Q

it is a scientific fact that ‘its a small world’ attraction facilitates happiness

A

inaccurate

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42
Q

as ‘x’ increases so does happiness. what can you say:

A

x is correlated with happiness

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43
Q

with regard to the previous question, how would you design an experiment to show causation ?

A

all of the previous

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44
Q

correlation a) is not necessarily causation, b) allows prediction , c) is a relationship, d) all a, b, and c

A

d) all a, b, and c

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45
Q

in disneyland, as ice cream sales increase, so do short tempers. thus…

A

e) b and d

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46
Q

the 2008 national medal of arts was awarded to the sherman brothers for creating the music that ‘has helped bring joy to millions’ this is a scientific statement

A

inaccurate

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47
Q

according to jeff kurti, why did the world cry when walt disney died

A

c) walts creations touched the world’s people

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48
Q

how can evolution be simultaneously a ‘fact’ and a ‘theory’

A

c) theory because evolution is a scientific explanation that is accepted in the scientific community

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49
Q

biologists’ confidence in the fact of evolution rests upon copious data that fall rouchly into what great classes?

A

d) a, b, and c

50
Q

is direct vision the only, or even the usual, method of inference in science?

A

b) no

51
Q

according to Gould, the common goal of science and religion is…

A

b) wisdom

52
Q

gould spent most of his distinguished career as a professor at…

A

c) harvard

53
Q

the last disneyland attraction that walt disney spent considerable time working on before he died was…

A

c) pirates of the caribbean

54
Q

according to our class speaker Marcy Smothers, and others, on walt’s last day in disneyland (oct 14, 1966), what was the primary thing he did?

A

d) gave a presentation to Congressional Medal of Honor holders in Great moments with mr. lincoln

55
Q

according to marcy smothers, walt was extremely generous - using the example of walt…

A

d) giving free admission to ‘disadvantaged’ children with nuns in disneyland

56
Q

statements that are not logically accurate can be scientifically accurate

A

inaccurate

57
Q

dr. scott would agree with this statement: ashley montagu summarized science when he wrote ‘the scientist believes in proof without certainty, the bigot in certainty without proof’

A

accurate

58
Q

‘scientists don’t usually talk about proving themselves right, because proof suggests certainty’

A

accurate

59
Q

according to dr scott, ‘science is quintessentially an open ended procedure in which ideas are constantly tested and rejected or modified’

A

accurate

60
Q

according to dr. scott, ‘dogma - an idea held by belief or faith, is anathema to science’

A

accurate

60
Q

theories are the least important in order to how scientists would rank the following: laws, facts, theories, hypothesis

A

inaccurate

61
Q

in science, facts are confirmed observations

A

accurate

62
Q

a theory can be scientific even if its phenomena are not directly observable

A

accurate

63
Q

evolution and creationism are scientifically testable

A

inaccurate

64
Q

according to dr. scott, ‘science is an especially good way of knowing about the natural world. it involves testing explanations against the natural world, discarding the ones that don’t work, and provisionally accepting the ones that do”

A

accurate

65
Q

according to dr scott, theory buildign is the goal of science

A

accurate

66
Q

when dr scott visited our class, she said that a supreme being (ex god) is not scientific because

A

d) supreme beings cannot be controlled (as in a treatment/control experiment)

67
Q

renowned dinosaur paleontologist, dr honer, stated in class that the largest amount of evolution is between you and your parents

A

accuarate

68
Q

in the film inherit the wind, which scientists were allowed to testify as expert witnesses in the trial

A

d) no scientists were allowed to testify

69
Q

‘the science of life -biology- lies ruined, prostituted , turned into a creationist citadel by the clergy’

A

accurate

70
Q

darwin was cambridge university trained

A

accurate

71
Q

Darwin was ‘an ambitious 30 year old gentleman who opened a secret notebook and, with a devil-may-care sweep, suggested that headless hermaphroditic mollusks were the ancestors of mankind’

A

accurate

72
Q

darwin ‘embraced a terrifying materialism. only months before he had concluded in his covert notebooks that the human mind, mortality, and even belief in God were artifacts of the brain’

A

accurate

73
Q

‘working through the implications gave [darwin] migraines, left him writhing on his sick bed, fearing persecution. wasn’t it treachery? didn’t it threaten the last scientific safeguards of the old social order? weren’t these incendiary beliefs perfect weapons for the loutish hordes, already at the gates? he peered into the future. the ‘whole fabric totters and falls’ he prophesied of the unreformed creationist cosmos’

A

accurate

74
Q

Darwin sat on his theory of evolution for 2 years, scarcely mooting his innermost thoughts about monkey-men and apes evolving morality, castigating himself as a Devil’s Chaplain’

A

inaccurate - 20 years

75
Q

‘when darwin did come out of his closet and bare his soul to a friend, he used a telling expression. he said it was ‘like confessing a murder’

A

accurate

76
Q

Anglicans damned it as false, foul, French, atheistic, materialistic, and immoral. It was dangerous knowledge, and tempting. Darwin had known this for years, hence his ruminations were confined secret notebooks. He cut himself off, ducked parties and declined engagements’

A

accurate

77
Q

‘darwin is arguably the best-known scientist in history. more than any modern thinker - even Freud or Marx’

A

accurate

78
Q

[darwin] has transformed the way we see ourselves on the planet

A

accurate

79
Q

can’t students attain a well-rounded background in science without learning this controversial topic [evolution]? the overwhelming consensus of biologists in the scientific community is …

A

c) no

80
Q

‘a simple answer [to why should students learn about evolution] is that evolution is the basic context of all the biological sciences’

A

accurate

81
Q

‘put another way, evolution is the explanatory framework, the unifying theory. it is indispensable to the study of biology, just as atomic theory is indispensable to the study of chemistry’

A

accurate

82
Q

‘biology can’t be understood fully without an evolutionary context’

A

accurate

83
Q

without understanding evolution, they [students] cannot understand processes based on this science, such as insect residence to pesticides and microbial resistance to antibodies. students will not come to understand evolutionary connections to other scientific fields, nor will they fully udnerstand the world of which we are a part. evolution is, in fact, one of the most important concepts in attaining scientific literacy’

A

accurate

84
Q

‘the study of the evolutionary origins of music has a distinguished history, dating back to Darin himself, who believed that it developed through natural selection as part of human or paleohuman mating rituals’

A

accurate

85
Q

Levitin agrees “that the scientific evidence supports this idea [#1 above] as well’

A

accurate

86
Q

“Once in a while, we find a behavior or attribute in an organism that lacks any clear evolutionary basis; this occurs when evolutionary forces propagate an adaptation for a particular reason, and something else comes along for the ride, what Stephen Jay Gould called a spandrel…Birds evolved feathers to keep warm, but they coopted the feathers for another purpose - flying. This is a spandrel”

A

accurate

87
Q

Stephen Pinker argued that “language is an adaptation and music is its spandrel”

A

accurate

88
Q

‘two things lead to genes being ‘successful’: 1) the organism is able to successfully mate, passing its genes on, and 2) its offspring are able to survive in order to do the same’

A

accurate

89
Q

‘darwin believed that music provided speech as a means of courtship’

A

accurate

90
Q

‘genetic mutations that enhance one’s likelihood to live long enough to reproduce become adaptations’

A

accurate

91
Q

Music may be the activity that prepared our pre-human ancestors for speech communication and for the very cognitive, representational flexibility necessary to become humans.’

A

accurate

92
Q

“The multiple reinforcing cues of a good song - rhythm, melody, contour - cause music to stick in our heads. That is the reason that many ancient myths, epics, and even the Old Testament were set to music in preparation for being passed down by oral tradition across the generations”

A

Accurate

93
Q

‘as a tool for activation of specific thoughts, music is not as good as language’

A

accurate

94
Q

‘as a tool for arousing feelings and emotions, music is not better than language’

A

inaccurate

95
Q

‘the combination of the two [language and music] - as best exemplified in a love song - is the best courtship of all’

A

accurate

96
Q

Since Aristotle, happiness has been thought of as consisting of two aspects: hedonic (pleasure) and eudaimonia (a life well lived)

A

accurate

97
Q

hedonia is basically the consciousness experience of positive feelings or emotions

A

accurate

98
Q

hedonic and eudaimonic aspects empirically cohere together in happy people

A

accurate

99
Q

‘the scientific study of pleasure and affect was foreshadowed by the pioneering ideas of charles darwin, who examined the evolution of emotions and affective expressions and suggested that these are adaptive responses to environmental situations’

A

accurate

100
Q

“Pleasure ‘liking’ and displeasure reactions are prominent affective reactions in the behavior and brains of few mammals, and likely had important evolutionary functions.”

A

inaccurate

101
Q

‘affective neuroscience research and sensory pleasure has revealed many networks of brain regions and neurotransmitters activated by pleasant or ‘liking’ is but one component in a larger composite psychological process of reward, which also involves ‘wanting’ and ‘earning’ components’

A

accurate

102
Q

‘it is important, however, to again make a distinction between brain activity coding and causing pleasure. neural coding is inferred in practice by measuring brain activity correlated to a pleasant stimulus, using neuroimaging techniques, or electrophysicagolol or neurochemical activation measures in animals. causation is generally inferred on the basis of a change in pleasure as a consequence of a brain manipulation such as a lesion or stimulation. coding and causation often go together for the same substrate, but they can diverge so that the coding occurs alone’

A

accurate

103
Q

we have made substantial progress towards understanding the functional neuroanatomy of happiness’

A

inaccurate

104
Q

‘The adrenaline response itself is not necessarily unnatural or bad. It is harmful only when it moves beyond the threshold with which the individual can cope. We enjoy thrills that give a more intense adrenaline reaction than the typical encounter with a stranger’

A

accurate

105
Q

‘one important source of rewards that is particularly easy to access… are one’s fantasies. many of the reward-stimulating pathways in the brain are accessible with a bit of imagination’

A

accurate

106
Q

each individual is shaped not only by universal human inborn tendencies, but also by his or her particular set of genes, as well as by general culture and proximate individual environment’

A

accurate

107
Q

Grinde agrees with Mill’s greatest happiness principle that “actions are right in proportions as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the revers of happiness….Darwinian happiness offers a biological perspective for this principle.

A

accurate

108
Q

Jerome Kern wrote “Walt Disney has made the 20th century’s only important contribution to music. Disney has made use of music as language”

A

accurate

109
Q

walt wrote ‘i cannot think of the pictorial story without thinking about the complementary music which will fulfill it’

A

accurate

110
Q

walt had formal musical training

A

inaccurate

111
Q

what is stephen greenblatt’s job?

A

c) he holds an endowed chair in humanities at harvard university

112
Q

what was the title of the poem (six books) that Lucretius authored in about 50 BC

A

d) on the nature of things

113
Q

according to greenblatt, ‘it was a beautiful poem of the most dangerous ideas: that the universe functions without the aid of gods, that religious fear is damaging to human life, that pleasure and virtue are not opposite but intertwined, and that matter is made up of very small material participles in eternal motion, randomly colliding and swerving in new directions’

A

accurate

114
Q

according to greenblatt, the poem ‘changed the course of history. the poem’s vision would shape the thought of Galileo and Freud, Darwin and Einstein, and - in the hands of Thomas Jefferson - leave its trace on the Declaration of Independence’

A

accurate

115
Q

according to greenblatt, lucretius wrote that ‘the highest goal of human life is the enhancement of pleasure and the reduction of pain. life should be organized to serve the pursuit of happiness. there is no ethical purpose higher than facilitating this purpose for oneself and ones fellow creatures. all other claims - the service of the state, the glorification of the gods or the ruler, the arduous pursuit of virtue through self-sacrifice - are secondary, misguided, or fraudulent’

A

accurate

116
Q

according to greenblatt, lucretius wrote that ‘it is possible for human beings to live happy lives, but not because they think that they are the center of the universe or because they fear the gods or because they nobly sacrifice themselves for values that purport to transcend their mortal existence. unappeasable desire and fear of death are the principle obstacles to human happiness, but the obstacles can be surmounted through the exercise of reason’

A

accurate

117
Q

kevin rafferty was a…

A

d) a and b

118
Q

among other things, kevin rafferty…

A

d) all of the above

119
Q

genie scott has earned a doctoral degree and over 10 honorary doctorates

A

accurate

120
Q
A