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BDS2 BAMS lectures > Dish the dirt > Flashcards

Dish the dirt Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 links in the chain of infection

A
  • infectious agent
  • reservoirs
  • portal of exit
  • means of transmission
  • portal of entry
  • susceptible host
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2
Q

What does the spaulding classification refer to

A

risks from equipment and the environment

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3
Q

According to the spaulding classification what are high risk (critical) items

A

Items in contact with normally sterile body sites

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4
Q

According to the spaulding classification what are medium risk (semi-critical) items

A

Items in contact intact mucous membranes

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5
Q

According to the spaulding classification what are low risk (non-critical) items

A

Items in contact with intact skin

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6
Q

According to the spaulding classification what are minimal risk items

A

Items not normally in contact with intact

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7
Q

What are housekeeping surfaces

A

not directly touched during dental treatment and carry the lowest risk of disease transmission

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8
Q

What are clinical contact surfaces

A

contaminated from patient materials either by direct spray or spatter generated during dental procedures or by contact with gloved hands of dental health care personnal

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9
Q

When cleaning what should you focus on

A

surfaces in the transmission of infection

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10
Q

What pathogens are we keen to remove in dental settings

A
  • S.aureus (MRSA)
  • C. difficile
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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11
Q

how long can gram positive bacteria survive on dry surfaces

A

months

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12
Q

how long does S. aureus persist on dry inanimate surfaces

A

7 days - 7 months

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13
Q

how long do C. difficile spores persist on dry inanimate surfaces

A

5 months

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14
Q

how long does Pseuodomonas aeruginosa persist on dry inanimate surfaces

A

6 hours - 16 months

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15
Q

what is the general trend for survival of bacteria on surfaces

A

longer persistence with higher inocula, presence of protein, serum, sputum or with dust

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16
Q

What are the most common modes to transmission from inanimate surfaces to susceptible patients

A

Contaminated inanimate surface –> direct transmission

Contaminated inanimate surface –> hands of HCW (esp with low compliance of hand hygiene))

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17
Q

what respiratory viruses were found to have higher antibody titres in dentists

A

Flu A
Flu B
RSV

18
Q

How long does influenza A and B survive on steel and plastic

A

24-48hrs

19
Q

How long does influenza A and B survive on cloth, paper and tissues

A

<8-12hrs

20
Q

How long does it take for transmission to occur between influenza on…

  • steel to hands
  • paper tissue to hands
A

steel to hands- over 24hrs

paper tissue to hands - 15mins

21
Q

how long does influenza survive on hands

A

approx 5 mins

22
Q

what is a common portal of entry for viruses

A

face touching/ hand hygiene

23
Q

How can you ‘break’ the reservoir to break the chain of infection

A
  • surface design
  • surface material
  • cleaning
  • disinfectant v detergent
  • declutter
  • preventing recontamination
24
Q

How can you ‘break’ the portal of exit to break the chain of infection

A

aerosol control

  • high volume aspiration
  • rubber dam
25
Q

How can you ‘break’ the mode of transmission to break the chain of infection

A

hands, fomites

26
Q

How can you ‘break’ the portal of entry to break the chain of infection

A

PPE

27
Q

How can you ‘break’ the susceptible host to break the chain of infection

A

vaccinations e.g. influenza vaccine

28
Q

How can you ‘break’ the infectious agent to break the chain of infection

A

standard infection control precaution’s

29
Q

what is the definition of cleaning

A

the physical removal of contamination

30
Q

What are common issues with surface cleaning

A
  • body fluids form surface films = facilitates
  • visual assessment of cleanliness = poor measure of invisible soiling
  • cleaning process potential to recontaminate surfaces with organic soil and microbes
31
Q

Define detergent (KNOW)

A

A group of synthetic organic water soluble agents that have wetting agent, emulsifying and soil holding porperties

32
Q

What is an issue with detergent

A

no standard for efficacy

33
Q

Define disinfectant (KNOW)

A

a process for the removal or destruction of microbes not usually including bacterial spores

ability to produce a 5 log reduction in a defined bacterial population

34
Q

What does a high level disinfectant do

A

kills all microbes (including mycobacteria) but not large numbers of bacterial spores. Usually requires longer contact time (hours)

35
Q

What does a low level disinfectant do

A

kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some viruses in a practical period of time (<10mins)

36
Q

What are the standards for disinfectants

A

a series of European standards with criteria for testing under controlled conditions

37
Q

What factors compromise the efficacy of the standards for disinfectants

A
  • organic matter
  • when dried or coagulated matter
  • time of exposure
  • coverage of large or irregular areas
38
Q

What can interfere with the efficacy of disinfectant wipes

A
  • short exposure time
  • incomplete coverage with large surface areas
  • other e.g. surface properties
39
Q

What are the 5 moments of hand hygiene

A
  1. before touching a patient
  2. before clean/aseptic procedure
  3. after body fluid exposure risk
  4. after touching a patient
  5. after touching patient surroundings
40
Q

What are the 10 SICPs

A
  1. Patient Placement/Assessment for infection risk
  2. Hand hygiene
  3. Respiratory and cough medicine
  4. PPE
  5. Safe Management of Care Equipment
  6. Safe Management of Care Environment
  7. Safe Management of Linen
  8. Safe Management of Blood and Body Fluid Spillages
  9. Safe Disposal of Waste (including sharps)
  10. Occupational Safety: Prevention and Exposure Management (including sharps)

BDS2 BAMS lectures (9 decks)

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