diseases that effect the periodontium

Question 0

what is the genetic marker is macrophage and monocyte made and puts a person at higher risk for periodisease

Answer 0

interleukin-1 inflammatory mediator

Question 1

what are the 3 contributing factors that affect the periondontium

Answer 1

1) age
2) stress
3) genetics

Question 2

what do genetic disorders lack that increases bacterial infections?

Answer 2

nuetrophils

Question 3

what are the 5 genetic disorders that have the neutrophil disfunction?

Answer 3

1) papillon-Lefevre syndrome
2) downs syndrome
3) leukocyte adhesion factor
4) neutropenia
5) chediak-higashi syndrome

Question 4

name 5 characteristics of Papillon-Lefvre syndrome

Answer 4

1) mobility and migration of teeth (floating around)
2) hyperplastic and hemorrhaging gingiva (bleedy and moveable)
3) painful chewing
4) EARLY RAPID AGGRESSIVE PERIO
5) autosomal recessive disorder

Question 5

what are the 5 characteristics of Downs syndrome (trisomy 21)

Answer 5

1) small oral cavity, protruding enlarged tongue
2) malocclusion, delayed eruption or congenitally missing
3) retarded 4)perio disease prevalent
5) chromosomal disorder #3 chromo21

Question 6

what are the 5 characteristics in leukocyte adhesion factor?

Answer 6

1) defect in neutrophil migration, no extravascular neutrophils
2) few leukocytes so cells cant stick to endothelium
3) high risk AGGRESSIVE perio at early age,
4) recurrent infections (ear, respiratory
5) starts after eruption of baby teeth
6) looks like floating teeth with red blotches on buccal gingiva

Question 7

what are the 3 characteristics of Chediak-Higasji syndrome

Answer 7

1) Autosomal recessive disorder
2) defective granules (intercellular, neutrophil, melanin) Albino
3) chronic infections
4) FATAL neurological dysfunction

Question 8

3 characteristics of Acatalasia

Answer 8

1) enzyme deficiency of catalase, causing build up of toxic substance in tissue causing necrosis
2) recurrent gingival infections
3) precocious perio in infants and kids

Question 9

3 characteristics of Ehlers-Danlos

Answer 9

1) hyperflexible/ double jointed/ fragile
2) delayed wound healing
3) periodontal destruction

Question 10

what are the 5 characteristics of Hypophosphatsia

Answer 10

1) ricket like bones
2) defect in neutrophil function
3) alkaline phosphate deficiency
4) causes Perio disease and EARLY LOSS of baby and adult teeth
5) abnormal formation of bone,pdl and cementum, pulp chambers are larger tha usual

Question 11

what are the 3 endocrine imbalances that alter wound healing because of neutrophil dysfunction?

Answer 11

1) diabetes 2)hyperparathyroidism

3) estrogen deficiency

Question 12

what is the main characteristics of browns tumor of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 12

1)xrays show demineralized jaw and resorption of the lamina dura

Question 13

what are the 4 characteristics of diabetes ?

Answer 13

1) more susceptible to infections
2) excessive thirst, hunger and peeing
3) dry mouth, burning tongue, fatigue
4) long term - heart attck/stroke, blind, kidney/liver failure

Question 14

who is most likely to have diabetes?

Answer 14

blacks 20-65 years old

Question 15

what are the 2 sex hormone imbalances that cause gingivitis?

Answer 15

1) puberty gingivitis

2) pregnancy gingivitis

Question 16

what are the characteristics of puberty gingivitis?

Answer 16

1) PLAQUE INDUCED/ hyperplastic gingivitis
2) increased hormones increases blood circulation to gingiva causing HYPERPLASIA
3) tx- plaque control
4) found equally in girls and boys

Question 17

what are the characteristics of pregnancy gingivitis ?

Answer 17

1) gingival inflammation will increase w/ small amount of plaque (hyperplasia)
2) caused by the increase in Progesterone and Estrogen
3) Pyogenic granuloma, a tumor that is on the interdental papilla or gingival margin

Question 18

what are the 6 hematologic disorders (blood disorders)

Answer 18

1) blood dycrasias- polycythemia clotting deficiency
2) anemia (sickle/aplastic )bonemarrow loss
3) multiple myeloma- gingival bleeding and bone loss
4) agranulocytosis
5) cyclic neutropenia
6) leukemia

Question 19

what are the 3 nutritional deficiencies that cause metabolic disorders?

Answer 19

1) vitamin C- scurvy (toothloss))
2) vitamin D- pdl and boneloss/ osteoporosis
3) protein deficiency-(lysine) Kwashiorkor

Question 20

5 mucocutaneous diseases of the periodontium

Answer 20

1) lichen planus
2) cicatrical pemphigoid
3) pemphigus Vulgarius
4) lupus Erythematous
5) erythema multiforme

Question 21

what are the 3 characteristics of lichenplanus

Answer 21

1) immune related chronic disease affecting the membranes of middle aged pple
2) common reticular form lacy whitelines called wickhams striae
3) stress related

Question 22

what are the characteristics of Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid or cicatricial pemphigoid

Answer 22

1) lesions affect eyes , mouth
2) COMMONLY seen in Women over 50
3) IgG, IgM, IgA and destroy the basement membrane
4) if limited to gingiva called DESQUAMATIVE gingivitis
5) Nikolsky sign -blow air, sub epithelial separation

Question 23

what are the 4 characteristics of Pemphigus Vulgaris

Answer 23

1) potentially FATAL autoimmune vesiculobullous
2) blisters- ACANTHOLYSIS
3) shallow painful ulcers or bullae that rupture
4) tx: biopsy and high doses of steroids and immunosuppressant drugs

Question 24

what are the 5 characteristics of lupus erythematous

Answer 24

1) 85% pple benign
2) red symmetrical butterfly rash across bridge of nose
3) chronic lesions that start and stop
4) 20-40% women have on buccal mucosa
5) caused by autoimmune suppressed influenced by viral factors

Question 25

what are the 2 characteristics of erythema multiform

Answer 25

1) target or iris lesion, concentric erythematous

2) apthous type lesions

Question 26

2 gingival disorders of viral origin

Answer 26

1) primary form- primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

2) secondary form- cold sores/ herpes labialis

Question 27

the characteristics of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

Answer 27

1) vesicles will coalesce into ulcerative lesion
2) virus migrates trigeminal ganglion in a latent
3) lesions caused by fever, arthralgia, malaise, headache, cervical lymph
4) 7-10 days heals w/out scar

Question 28

3 types of drugs that affect the periodontium

Answer 28

1)diuretics 2)hbp meds 3) antidepressants and antipsychotics

Question 29

how does smoking effect the periodontium

Answer 29

1) vasoconstriction of gingival blood vessels
2) increases in cytoxic substances in saliva and gingival fluid
3) suppresses immune system
4) increases calculus and aggressive Perio

Question 30

6 aids related periodontal disease

Answer 30

1) severe recurrent candidias
2) oral hairy leukoplakia
3) kaposi sarcoma
4) atypical periodontal disease
5) linear gingival erythema
6) NUP/NUG

Question 31

what diseases cause periodontitis

Answer 31

1) increased PGE2 prostaglandin E2 (perio inflammation and boneloss)
2) heart attack and stroke
3) upper and lower respiratory disease
4) pancreatic cancer
5) premature birth weight

Question 32

what are the characteristics of alzheimer’s disease

Answer 32

1) amyloid protein removed from the brain

2) cytokines stimulate neuroimmune