Diseases- small animal Flashcards
Neurologic disease, which involves a lack of effective esophageal peristalsis, resulting in dilation of the esophagus and regurgitation of undigested food. common in Great Danes, german shepherds and Irish setters
Congenital Myasthenia Gravis
Most common form of heart disease in felines. characterized by increased thickness of the left ventricle wall. P at risk for thromboembolism.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
These clots may travel through the bloodstream and obstruct flow in other parts of the body, most commonly the hind limbs, known as, “__________”
Saddle Thrombus
Primarily seen in cats, causes irritation and inflammation of the bronchi causing smooth muscle constriction, hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle and increased mucus production- Symptoms: coughing, wheezing, Dyspnea- Requires low stress handling, oxygen supplementation and usually treated with albuterol.
Feline bronchitis, also known as “Feline asthma”
Causes irritation to bladder and urethra, commonly seen in male felines- Symptoms: Stranguria, Dysuria (pain when urinating), Hematuria (blood), pollakiuria (frequent urinating) and inappropriate urination.
can be classified as non-obstructive (idiopathic cystitis) or obstructive with urethral plugs.
Feline lower urinary tract disease
Accumulation of lipids or fat within the cytoplasm of greater than 80% hepatocytes and can be caused by prolonged anorexia with obese cats being predisposed to this condition. Clinical signs include: anorexia, dramatic weight loss, lethargy, icterus (Jaundice), dehydration and hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
Feline Hepatic Lipidosis
Common in k9’s, characterized by extreme atrial and ventricular dilation with decreased contractility primarily in the left side of the heart. confirmed by radiology, ECG, and cardiac ultrasound.
Dilated cardiomyopathy
mainly feline P, caused by producing a large amount of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Symptoms: weight loss w/ > appetite, > activity level, PU/PD, vomiting and/or diarrhea. May have tachycardia, Heart murmur, enlarged thyroid gland and hypertension.
Hyperthyroidism
condition in which the body cannot properly respond to the hormone insulin and glucose levels are high because cells in the body do not respond appropriately to insulin. Primarily seen in cats presenting w/ polyphagia (excessive eating), weight loss, PU/PD and advanced stages may develop a plantigrade stance.
Diabetes Mellitus
occurs when excess levels of cortisol are produced by the adrenal cortex (hypercortisolemia). Symptoms include increase appetite, weight gain, lethargy, muscle weakness, PU/PD, skin and hair coat abnormalities and pot-bellied appearance.
Hyperadrenocorticism, also known as “Cushing Syndrome”
Immune related disorder characterized by RBC destruction. In felines, it’s usually caused by blood parasite infections and in dogs their immune system targets RBC’s as foreign intruders and develops autoantibodies against the RBC’s. Symptoms: lethargy, pale or jaundice mucous membranes, hyperthermia, bilirubinuria or hemoglobinuria.
Immune mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA)
Adrenal gland atrophy or destruction resulting in inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids (cortisol and aldosterone). Diagnosed with ACTH stim test.
Hypoadrenocorticism, also known as “Addisons Disease”
Spread by the intermediate host the female mosquito. If left untreated, this parasite will migrate through the tissues and eventually enter the bloodstream, which allows them to travel to the heart and lungs. Domestic dogs are the definite host, but other animals including cats and ferrets can also be infected.
Heart worm Disease
extrahepatic or intrahepatic vascular abnormalities that establish a direct communication between the portal venous system and systemic circulation, bypassing the liver. Exacerbation of neurologic signs after a high protein meal, poor growth, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, or hypoglycemia episodes. Tested with bile acid test.
Portosystemic shunt
The digestive enzyme Trypsin is prematurely activated within the pancreatic tissue instead of within the duodenum. Acute (canines) or chronic (felines) in nature. Signs: lethargic, anorexia, dehydration, jaundice, ascites, and painful abdomen. Diagnostic testing includes cPL, PLI and monitoring lipase and amylase levels.
Pancreatitis
Highly contagious virus seen mostly in young unvaccinated or incomplete vaccinated dogs. Symptoms: anorexia, lethargy, fever, vomiting/ diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain. Mode of transmission can be direct ingestion of feces or non-direct from contaminated fomites. Tested using ELSA test and a CBC
Canine Parvovirus
Caused by damage to the laryngeal nerves resulting in paralysis of the arytenoid cartilage. Symptoms: change in voice, Stridor, exercise intolerance, hypoxia, dyspnea. Commonly seen in older, large breed dogs.
Laryngeal Paralysis
Autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness. The esophagus muscles are often affected, causing the pet to have a megaesophagus, which makes it difficult for swallowing. This disease destroys the receptors that muscles use for receiving and activating acetylcholine, making it harder for muscles to work properly. Clinical signs- regurgitation, exercise fatigue, hindlimb weakness, difficulty swallowing, and inability to close eyelids.
Myasthenia Gravis
Viral disease in cats, caused by certain strains of a virus, called the feline coronavirus. Two forms of this disease are recognized, a wet and dry form. Symptoms of wet- fluid buildup within the abdomen and chest. Symptoms of dry- inflammatory cells accumulate in certain organs, such as the liver, kidneys, eyes and brain.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
An endocrine disease primarily affecting k9’s and is due to subnormal levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Signs- weight gain, exercise intolerance, altered mentation, hair loss, and lethargy due to decreased metabolic rate.
hypothyroidism
Degenerative disease that affects the spinal cord and causes a range of painful mobility issues. Can be ruptured, slipped, bulging or herniated disc. Mild neurological signs or even acute paralysis may be present. Treated medially or surgically depending on the severity. Commonly diagnosed with an MRI or CT scan.
Intervertebral Disk Disease
