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Human Mind And Body Test Revision > Diseases, Pathogens and Immune System (Test Revision) > Flashcards

Diseases, Pathogens and Immune System (Test Revision) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a disease?

A

A change to an organism that negatively impacts on the functioning of that organism.

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2
Q

How many types of disease are there?

A

2; infectious and non infectious diseases.

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3
Q

Explain the difference between infectious and non infectious disease.

A

Infectious diseases are transmitted from between people through the transfer of a pathogens and a non infectious disease isn’t.

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4
Q

What is a non infectious disease and give some examples?

A

A non infectious disease cannot be transmitted through a pathogen and is caused by a variety of other factors such as genetics, ageing and environmental factors.
Some examples of a non infectious disease are cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.

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5
Q

What is an infectious disease and give some examples?

A

Infectious disease are transmitted from person to person through the transfer of a pathogen.

Some examples of infectious diseases include the flu, cold and the chickenpox.

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6
Q

What are the four main categories of non infectious diseases?

A
  • Genetic
  • Cancer
  • Ageing
  • Nutritional
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7
Q

What is cancer?

A

Characterised by abnormal rapid cell growth due to a mutation.

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8
Q

What are some risk factors of cancer?

A
  • Age
  • Hormones
  • UV radiation exposure
  • Smoking
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9
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Pathogens are disease causing organisms.

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10
Q

What are the five types of pathogens?

A
  1. Bacteria (causes food poisoning)
  2. Viruses (causes colds)
  3. Fungi (causes athletes foot)
  4. Protists (causes gastro)
  5. Parasites (tape worms)
  6. Prion
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11
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

A
  • Rod
  • Spherical
  • Spiral
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12
Q

What is a virus?

A

Non-living infective particle that reproduces by taking advantage of a host.

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13
Q

what is a parasite?

A

A parasite is an organism that lives on or in another organism, (their host).

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14
Q

What methods of disease transmission exist?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Droplet infection
  • Faeces
  • Animals
  • Body fluids
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15
Q

What are methods of disease control?

A
  1. Controlling or killing vectors (sanitation, barriers and traps, insecticides)
  2. Killing pathogens (antibiotics, antiseptic, disinfectants)
  3. Quarantine (keeping the affected away from the non-infected)
  4. Immune response (defence mechanisms that help to protect people)
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16
Q

Pathogen‘s must be able to… to spread between organisms.

A
  1. Cross protective barriers of its host
  2. Multiply inside host
  3. Avoid hosts immune system
17
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

An epidemic is an outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at once.

18
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread in multiple countries or worldwide.

19
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

An antibiotic is chemicals that work by killing or reducing the growth of disease.

20
Q

What is antibiotic resistance?

A

Antibiotic resistance is when germs like bacteria and fungi defeat the drugs made to kill them.

21
Q

What is an antibody?

A

An antibody is a protein produced in response to antigens.

22
Q

What is an antigen?

A

An antigen is a protein marker on the outside of a pathogen which is recognised by antibodies.

23
Q

First line of defence.

A

Non-specific; includes skin, mucus and chemical secretions of the skin.

24
Q

Second line of defence

A

Non specific; includes phagocytes and killer cells and inflammatory response.

25
Q

Third line of defence

A

Specific; include the production of B cells and T cells.

26
Q

B cells

A

Produce antibodies.

27
Q

What are three ways in which HIV can be transmitted?

A
  • Unprotected sex
  • Mother to baby during pregnancy
  • Contaminated blood transfusions
27
Q

T cells

A

Target pathogens directly.

28
Q

What are the main ways that pathogen‘s can gain entry into a human?

A
  • mouth
  • eyes
  • nose
  • ears
  • genital openings
29
Q

What is a host?

A

A host is a living thing in which a parasite lives in.

30
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

Vaccines are designed to prevent disease, rather than treat a disease once you have caught it.

31
Q

What is a vector?

A

A vector is a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from one infected living thing to another.

32
Q

What is the difference between antiseptics and a disinfectant?

A

Antiseptics are used on the body and Disinfectants are used on surfaces.

33
Q

How do you kill pathogens that enter the body?

A
  • take antibiotics
  • take anti-virals
  • wait for innate immune response
34
Q

Why do people with colds produce a lot of mucus?

A

The body produces mucous to try clear the pathogen from the airways.

Human Mind And Body Test Revision (1 decks)

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